POV-Ray: Documentation: Index


POV-Ray : Documentation : Index



		#break 2.2.2.6.3 The #switch, #case, #range and #break Directives #case 2.2.2.6.3 The #switch, #case, #range and #break Directives #debug 2.2.2.7.1 Text Message Streams #declare 2.2.2.2.1 Declaring identifiers #default 2.2.2.4 The #default Directive #else 2.2.2.6.1 The #if...#else...#end Directives #end 2.2.2.6.1 The #if...#else...#end Directives #error 2.2.2.7.1 Text Message Streams #fclose 2.2.2.3.2 The #fclose Directive #fopen 2.2.2.3.1 The #fopen Directive #if 2.2.2.6.1 The #if...#else...#end Directives #ifdef 2.2.2.6.2 The #ifdef and #ifndef Directives #ifndef 2.2.2.6.2 The #ifdef and #ifndef Directives #include 2.2.2.1 Include Files and the #include Directive #local 2.2.2.2 The #declare and #local Directives #macro 2.2.2.8 User Defined Macros #range 2.2.2.6.3 The #switch, #case, #range and #break Directives #read 2.2.2.3.3 The #read Directive #render 2.2.2.7.1 Text Message Streams #statistics 2.2.2.7.1 Text Message Streams #switch 2.2.2.6.3 The #switch, #case, #range and #break Directives #undef 2.2.2.2.4 Destroying Identifiers with #undef #version 2.2.2.5 The #version Directive #warning 2.2.2.7.1 Text Message Streams #while 2.2.2.6.4 The #while...#end Directive #write 2.2.2.3.4 The #write Directive +a 2.1.2.8.4 Anti-Aliasing Options +am 2.1.2.8.4 Anti-Aliasing Options +b 2.1.2.4.3 Output File Buffer +c 2.1.2.2.4 Resuming Options +d 2.1.2.3.1 Display Hardware Settings +ec 2.1.2.2.2 Partial Output Options +ef 2.1.2.1.3 Subsets of Animation Frames +ep 2.1.2.3.4 Mosaic Preview +er 2.1.2.2.2 Partial Output Options +f 2.1.2.4.1 Output File Type +fc 2.1.2.4.1 Output File Type +fn 2.1.2.4.1 Output File Type +fp 2.1.2.4.1 Output File Type +fs 2.1.2.4.1 Output File Type +ft 2.1.2.4.1 Output File Type +ga 2.1.2.7.2 Console Text Output +gd 2.1.2.7.2 Console Text Output +gf 2.1.2.7.2 Console Text Output +gi 2.1.2.2.4 Resuming Options +gr 2.1.2.7.2 Console Text Output +gs 2.1.2.7.2 Console Text Output +gw 2.1.2.7.2 Console Text Output +h 2.1.2.2.1 Height and Width of Output +hi 2.1.2.5.3 Include File Name +hn 2.1.2.4.6 File Name +hs 2.1.2.4.7 Grid Size +ht 2.1.2.4.5 File Type +htc 2.1.2.4.5 File Type +htn 2.1.2.4.5 File Type +htp 2.1.2.4.5 File Type +hts 2.1.2.4.5 File Type +htt 2.1.2.4.5 File Type +htx 2.1.2.4.5 File Type +i 2.1.2.5.2 Input File Name +j 2.1.2.8.4 Anti-Aliasing Options +k 2.1.2.1.1 External Animation Loop +kc 2.1.2.1.4 Cyclic Animation +kff 2.1.2.1.2 Internal Animation Loop +kfi 2.1.2.1.2 Internal Animation Loop +ki 2.1.2.1.2 Internal Animation Loop +l 2.1.2.5.4 Library Paths +mb 2.1.2.8.2 Automatic Bounding Control +mv 2.1.2.5.5 Language Version +o 2.1.2.4.2 Output File Name +p 2.1.2.3.3 Display Related Settings +q 2.1.2.8.1 Quality Settings +r 2.1.2.8.4 Anti-Aliasing Options +sc 2.1.2.2.2 Partial Output Options +sf 2.1.2.1.3 Subsets of Animation Frames +sp 2.1.2.3.4 Mosaic Preview +sr 2.1.2.2.2 Partial Output Options +su 2.1.2.8.3 Removing User Bounding +ua 2.1.2.4.1 Output File Type +ud 2.1.2.3.3 Display Related Settings +uf 2.1.2.1.5 Field Rendering +ul 2.1.2.8.2 Automatic Bounding Control +uo 2.1.2.1.5 Field Rendering +ur 2.1.2.8.3 Removing User Bounding +uv 2.1.2.8.2 Automatic Bounding Control +v 2.1.2.3.3 Display Related Settings +w 2.1.2.2.1 Height and Width of Output +wl 2.1.2.7.4 Warning Level +x 2.1.2.2.3 Interrupting Options -a 2.1.2.8.4 Anti-Aliasing Options -b 2.1.2.4.3 Output File Buffer -c 2.1.2.2.4 Resuming Options -d 2.1.2.3.1 Display Hardware Settings -f 2.1.2.4.1 Output File Type -ga 2.1.2.7.2 Console Text Output -gd 2.1.2.7.2 Console Text Output -gf 2.1.2.7.2 Console Text Output -gr 2.1.2.7.2 Console Text Output -gs 2.1.2.7.2 Console Text Output -gw 2.1.2.7.2 Console Text Output -h 2.1.2.7.5 Help Screen Switches -j 2.1.2.8.4 Anti-Aliasing Options -kc 2.1.2.1.4 Cyclic Animation -mb 2.1.2.8.2 Automatic Bounding Control -p 2.1.2.3.3 Display Related Settings -su 2.1.2.8.3 Removing User Bounding -ua 2.1.2.4.1 Output File Type -ud 2.1.2.3.3 Display Related Settings -uf 2.1.2.1.5 Field Rendering -ul 2.1.2.8.2 Automatic Bounding Control -uo 2.1.2.1.5 Field Rendering -ur 2.1.2.8.3 Removing User Bounding -uv 2.1.2.8.2 Automatic Bounding Control -v 2.1.2.3.3 Display Related Settings -x 2.1.2.2.3 Interrupting Options aa_level 2.6.2.2 Sampling Parameters & Methods media 2.6.2 Media aa_threshold 2.6.2.2 Sampling Parameters & Methods media 2.6.2 Media abs 2.2.1.3.4 Functions absorption 2.6.2.1.3 Scattering media 2.6.2 Media accuracy 2.4.4 Isosurface Object isosurface 2.4.4 Isosurface Object normal 2.5.2 Normal normals 2.5.2.1.1 Normals, Accuracy parametric 2.4.5 Parametric Object acos 2.2.1.3.4 Functions julia 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal julia_fractal 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal acosd 2.7.9.1 Float functions and macros acosh 2.2.1.3.4 Functions julia 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal julia_fractal 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal adaptive 2.4.7.5 Area Lights light_source 2.4.7 Light Sources adc_bailout 2.3.3.1 ADC_Bailout global_settings 2.3.3 Global Settings 2.3.3.1 ADC_Bailout photons 2.6.3.2.1 Photon Global Settings radiosity 2.3.4.2.1 radiosity adc_bailout Adding New Resolutions 3.3.2 Adding New Resolutions adj_range 2.7.9.1 Float functions and macros adj_range2 2.7.9.1 Float functions and macros agate 2.5.11.1 Agate keyword 2.5.11.1 Agate pattern 2.5.11.1 Agate agate_turb 2.5.12 Pattern Modifiers agate 2.5.11.1 Agate pattern modifier 2.5.12 Pattern Modifiers Align_Object 2.7.12.1 shapes.inc Align_Trans 2.7.18 transforms.inc all 2.5.1.5.2 The Filter and Transmit Bitmap Modifiers All_Console ini-option 2.1.2.7.2 Console Text Output All_File ini-option 2.1.2.7.3 Directing Text Streams to Files all_intersections 2.4.4 Isosurface Object isosurface 2.4.4 Isosurface Object alpha 2.5.1.5.2 The Filter and Transmit Bitmap Modifiers altitude 2.5.11.30 Slope slope 2.5.11.30 Slope always_sample 2.3.4.2.2 always_sample Ambient 2.5.3 Finish finish 2.5.3 Finish using 1.3.4.3.1 Using Ambient ambient_light 2.3.3.2 Ambient_Light global_settings 2.3.3 Global Settings 2.3.3.2 Ambient_Light tutorial 1.2.4.5 The Ambient Light Source angle 2.3.1.1.3 Angles camera 2.3.1 Camera 2.3.1.1.3 Angles rainbow 2.3.2.5 Rainbow Animation clock variable 1.3.8.1 The Clock Variable: Key To It All cyclic 2.1.2.1.4 Cyclic Animation external loop 2.1.2.1.1 External Animation Loop field rendering 2.1.2.1.5 Field Rendering INI file settings for 1.3.8.5 INI File Settings internal loop 2.1.2.1.2 Internal Animation Loop multi-stage 1.3.8.2 Clock Dependant Variables And Multi-Stage Animations not using jitter or crand with 1.3.8.4 Do Not Use Jitter Or Crand options 2.1.2.1 Animation Options preserving window contents during 3.5.8.10.17 Preserve Contents During Animation subsets of frames 2.1.2.1.3 Subsets of Animation Frames Antialias ini-option 2.1.2.8.4 Anti-Aliasing Options Antialias_Depth ini-option 2.1.2.8.4 Anti-Aliasing Options Antialias_Threshold ini-option 2.1.2.8.4 Anti-Aliasing Options aperture 2.3.1.3 Focal Blur camera 2.3.1 Camera append 2.2.2.3.1 The #fopen Directive arc_angle 2.3.2.5 Rainbow rainbow 2.3.2.5 Rainbow Area Light Source the 1.2.4.4 The Area Light Source area_light 2.4.7.5 Area Lights light_source 2.4.7 Light Sources 2.4.7.5 Area Lights Array 2.2.1.8 Array Identifiers declaring 2.2.1.8.1 Declaring Arrays identifiers 2.2.1.8 Array Identifiers initialization 2.2.1.8.2 Array Initializers quickref 2.8.3.6 Arrays arrays quickref 2.8.3.6 Arrays asc 2.2.1.3.4 Functions ascii 2.3.3.6 Charset global_settings 2.3.3 Global Settings asin 2.2.1.3.4 Functions julia 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal julia_fractal 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal asind 2.7.9.1 Float functions and macros asinh 2.2.1.3.4 Functions julia 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal julia_fractal 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal assumed_gamma 2.3.3.3 Assumed_Gamma global_settings 2.3.3 Global Settings 2.3.3.3 Assumed_Gamma atan 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal julia_fractal 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal atan2 2.2.1.3.4 Functions atan2d 2.7.9.1 Float functions and macros atanh 2.2.1.3.4 Functions julia 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal julia_fractal 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal atmosphere 2.6.2 Media Atmospheric Effects quickref 2.8.12 Atmospheric Effects using 1.3.5 Using Atmospheric Effects auto-reload 3.5.5.12 Auto-Reload autostop 2.6.3.2.1 Photon Global Settings average 2.5.11.2 Average keyword 2.5.11.2 Average pattern 2.5.11.2 Average tutorial 1.3.4.9 Average Function Axial_Scale_Trans 2.7.18 transforms.inc Axis_Rotate_Trans 2.7.18 transforms.inc b_spline 2.4.1.10 Sphere Sweep sphere_sweep 2.4.1.10 Sphere Sweep Background 2.3.2.2 Background keyword 2.3.2.2 Background quickref 2.8.12.1 Background tutorial 1.3.5.1 The Background benchmark running 3.5.7.5 Run Benchmark Bevelled_Text 2.7.12.1 shapes.inc bezier 2.4.2.1 Bicubic Patch Bezier Patch 2.4.2.1 Bicubic Patch bezier_spline 2.4.1.7 Lathe lathe 2.4.1.7 Lathe prism 2.4.1.8 Prism bicubic_patch 2.4.2.1 Bicubic Patch keyword 2.4.2.1 Bicubic Patch tutorial 1.3.1.5 Bicubic Patch Object Bits_Per_Color ini-option 2.1.2.4.1 Output File Type black spots 1.4.2.5 Why are there strange dark pixels or noise on my CSG object? black_hole 2.5.12.6.1 Black Hole Warp warp 2.5.12.6 Warps 2.5.12.6.1 Black Hole Warp blob 2.4.1.1 Blob component 2.4.1.1 Blob component, cylinder 2.4.1.1 Blob component, sphere 2.4.1.1 Blob keyword 2.4.1.1 Blob Blob Constructs complex 1.3.3.1.2 Complex Blob Constructs and Negative Strength Blobs 2.4.1.1 Blob blue 2.2.1.5.2 Color Keywords Blur 2.3.1.3 Focal Blur blur_samples 2.3.1.3 Focal Blur camera 2.3.1 Camera BMP files 3.1.5.1 SYS File Type BMP output 2.1.2.4.1 Output File Type boolean 2.2.1.3.5 Built-in Constants bounded_by 2.4.9.2 Bounded_By object modifier 2.4.9.2 Bounded_By Bounding ini-option 2.1.2.8.2 Automatic Bounding Control Bounding_Threshold ini-option 2.1.2.8.2 Automatic Bounding Control box 2.4.1.2 Box keyword 2.4.1.2 Box tutorial 1.2.2.1 Box Object boxed 2.5.11.3 Boxed keyword 2.5.11.3 Boxed pattern 2.5.11.3 Boxed bozo 2.5.11.4 Bozo keyword 2.5.11.4 Bozo pattern 2.5.11.4 Bozo break 2.2.2.6.3 The #switch, #case, #range and #break Directives brick 2.5.11.5 Brick keyword 2.5.11.5 Brick pattern 2.5.11.5 Brick brick_size 2.5.12 Pattern Modifiers brick 2.5.11.5 Brick pattern modifier 2.5.12 Pattern Modifiers brightness 2.3.4.2.3 brightness brilliance 2.5.3.2.2 Brilliance finish 2.5.3 Finish Buffer_Output 2.1.2.4.3 Output File Buffer Buffer_Size 2.1.2.4.3 Output File Buffer Bug Reports 3.6 Bug Reports in Windows specific 5.7 Bug Reports in Unix specific bump_map 2.5.2.3 Bump Maps normal 2.5.2 Normal bump_size 2.5.2.3.2 Bump_Size normal 2.5.2 Normal Bumpiness adding 1.2.5.2 Adding Bumpiness bumps 2.5.11.6 Bumps keyword 2.5.11.6 Bumps pattern 2.5.11.6 Bumps Camera 2.3.1 Camera adding 1.2.1.3 Adding a Camera coordinate system 2.3.1.1.7 Handedness focal blur 2.3.1.3 Focal Blur keyword 2.3.1 Camera placing 2.3.1.1 Placing the Camera types of 2.3.1.2 Types of Projection using the 1.2.6 Using the Camera case 2.2.2.6.3 The #switch, #case, #range and #break Directives caustics 2.6.1.7 Simulated Caustics interior 2.6.1 Interior simulated 2.6.1.7 Simulated Caustics ceil 2.2.1.3.4 Functions cells 2.5.11.7 Cells keyword 2.5.11.7 Cells pattern 2.5.11.7 Cells Center_Object 2.7.12.1 shapes.inc Center_Trans 2.7.18 transforms.inc charset global_settings 2.3.3 Global Settings 2.3.3.6 Charset checker 2.5.11.8 Checker keyword 2.5.11.8 Checker pattern 2.5.11.8 Checker checking for new versions 3.5.8.8 Check For New Versions chr 2.2.1.7.3 String Functions CHSL2RGB 2.7.3.2 Color macros CHSV2RGB 2.7.3.2 Color macros Circle_Text 2.7.12.1 shapes.inc circular 2.4.7.5 Area Lights light_source 2.4.7 Light Sources citations 1.5.2 Citing POV-Ray in Academic Publications clamp 2.7.9.1 Float functions and macros Clear Queue 3.5.7.7 Clear Queue clip 2.7.9.1 Float functions and macros clipped_by 2.4.9.1 Clipped_By object modifier 2.4.9.1 Clipped_By Clock 2.2.1.3.6 Built-in Variables ini-option 2.1.2.1.1 External Animation Loop clock_delta 2.2.1.3.6 Built-in Variables clock_on 2.2.1.3.6 Built-in Variables Close File 3.5.1.3 Close Clouds adding 1.3.5.2.3 Adding Some Clouds CodeList 3.2.6.5 Keyword Expansion and CodeList collect 2.6.3.2.2 Shooting Photons at an Object Color 2.2.1.5 Specifying Colors common pitfalls 2.2.1.5.5 Common Color Pitfalls functions, user-defined 2.2.1.6.5 Declaring User-Defined Color Functions identifiers 2.2.1.5.3 Color Identifiers keywords 2.2.1.5.2 Color Keywords operators 2.2.1.5.4 Color Operators quickref 2.8.3.3 Colors specifying 2.2.1.5 Specifying Colors vectors 2.2.1.5.1 Color Vectors Color List Pigments using 1.3.4.1.1 Using Color List Pigments Color Maps 1.2.5.3 Creating Color Patterns Color Patterns creating 1.2.5.3 Creating Color Patterns color_map 2.5.1.3 Color Maps density 2.6.2.3.2 Density with color_map pigment 2.5.1 Pigment rainbow 2.3.2.5 Rainbow tutorial 1.2.5.3 Creating Color Patterns colors quickref 2.8.3.3 Colors colour 2.2.1.5 Specifying Colors quickref 2.8.3.3 Colors colour_map 2.5.1.3 Color Maps pigment 2.5.1 Pigment Command-Line copying text to 3.5.10.9 Copy "..." to Command-Line Command-line dialog 3.5.7.1 Edit Settings/Render Command-line Options 1.2.8 Setting POV-Ray Options all versions 1.2.8 Setting POV-Ray Options on toolbar 3.4.2.2 Toolbar Command Line windows dialog for 3.5.7.1 Edit Settings/Render windows version-specific 3.3 Command-Line Options comment 2.2.1.2 Comments component 2.4.1.1 Blob blob 2.4.1.1 Blob composite 2.4.6.2 Union concat 2.2.1.7.3 String Functions conditional directives quickref 2.8.4.6 Control Flow Directives cone 2.4.1.3 Cone keyword 2.4.1.3 Cone tutorial 1.2.2.2 Cone Object confidence 2.3.1.3 Focal Blur camera 2.3.1 Camera focal blur 2.3.1.3 Focal Blur media 2.6.2 Media 2.6.2.2 Sampling Parameters & Methods conic_sweep 2.4.1.8 Prism prism 2.4.1.8 Prism Connect_Spheres 2.7.12.1 shapes.inc conserve_energy 2.5.3.5 Conserve Energy for Reflection finish 2.5.3 Finish constant fog 2.3.2.3 Fog Constructive Solid Geometry 1.2.3 CSG Objects quickref 2.8.8.6 CSG contained_by 2.4.4 Isosurface Object isosurface 2.4.4 Isosurface Object parametric 2.4.5 Parametric Object contents quickref 2.8.1 Quick Reference Contents Context Menus 3.5.10 Context Menus Editor Window 3.5.10.5 The Editor Window Context Menu Message Window 3.5.10.1 The Message Window Context Menu Render Window 3.5.10.4 The Render Window Context Menu Continue_Trace ini-option 2.1.2.2.4 Resuming Options control0 2.5.12 Pattern Modifiers pattern modifier 2.5.12 Pattern Modifiers quilted 2.5.11.27 Quilted control1 2.5.12 Pattern Modifiers pattern modifier 2.5.12 Pattern Modifiers quilted 2.5.11.27 Quilted Convert_Color 2.7.3.2 Color macros Coordinate System camera 2.3.1.1.7 Handedness understanding 1.2.1.1 Understanding POV-Ray's Coordinate System coords 2.5.11.13 Facets facets 2.5.11.13 Facets cos 2.2.1.3.4 Functions julia 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal julia_fractal 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal cosd 2.7.9.1 Float functions and macros cosh 2.2.1.3.4 Functions julia 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal julia_fractal 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal count 2.3.4.2.4 count crackle 2.5.11.9 Crackle Patterns keyword 2.5.11.9 Crackle Patterns pattern 2.5.11.9 Crackle Patterns crand 2.5.3.2.3 Crand Graininess finish 2.5.3 Finish in animations 1.3.8.4 Do Not Use Jitter Or Crand Create_Ini ini-option 2.1.2.2.4 Resuming Options CRGB2HSL 2.7.3.2 Color macros CRGB2HSV 2.7.3.2 Color macros CRGBStr 2.7.16 strings.inc Cross Section Type 2.7.7.1 Common Parameters CSG 2.4.6 Constructive Solid Geometry difference 2.4.6.4 Difference intersection 2.4.6.3 Intersection merge 2.4.6.5 Merge union 2.4.6.2 Union what is 1.2.3.1 What is CSG? cube 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal julia_fractal 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal cubic 2.4.3.2 Poly, Cubic and Quartic keyword 2.4.3.2 Poly, Cubic and Quartic cubic_spline 2.4.1.7 Lathe lathe 2.4.1.7 Lathe prism 2.4.1.8 Prism sphere_sweep 2.4.1.10 Sphere Sweep tutorial 1.3.1.3.1 Teaching An Old Spline New Tricks cubic_wave 2.5.12 Pattern Modifiers pattern modifier 2.5.12 Pattern Modifiers 2.5.12.3 Waveforms cutaway_textures 2.5.10 Cutaway Textures Cyclic_Animation 2.1.2.1.4 Cyclic Animation cylinder 2.4.1.4 Cylinder blob 2.4.1.1 Blob blob component 2.4.1.1 Blob camera 2.3.1 Camera keyword 2.4.1.4 Cylinder light_source 2.4.7 Light Sources 2.4.7.3 Cylindrical Lights tutorial 1.2.2.3 Cylinder Object cylindrical 2.5.11.10 Cylindrical keyword 2.5.11.10 Cylindrical pattern 2.5.11.10 Cylindrical projection 2.3.1.2.7 Cylindrical projection warp 2.5.12.6 Warps 2.5.12.6.5 Mapping using warps Cylindrical Light Source the 1.2.4.3 The Cylindrical Light Source debug 2.2.2.7.1 Text Message Streams debug.inc 2.7.5 debug.inc Debug_Console ini-option 2.1.2.7.2 Console Text Output Debug_File ini-option 2.1.2.7.3 Directing Text Streams to Files Declare 2.2.2.2.1 Declaring identifiers ini-option 2.1.2.5.1 Constant Declaring arrays 2.2.1.8.1 Declaring Arrays default 2.2.2.4 The #default Directive Default Output Directory 2.1.2.4.2 Output File Name default texture quickref 2.8.4.4 Default Texture Default values bicubic_patch 2.4.2.1 Bicubic Patch blob 2.4.1.1 Blob camera 2.3.1 Camera disc 2.4.2.2 Disc fog 2.3.2.3 Fog global settings 2.3.3 Global Settings height_field 2.4.1.5 Height Field interior 2.6.1 Interior isosurface 2.4.4 Isosurface Object julia fractal 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal lathe 2.4.1.7 Lathe light_source 2.4.7 Light Sources media 2.6.2 Media mesh 2.4.2.3 Mesh parametric 2.4.5 Parametric Object pattern modifiers 2.5.12 Pattern Modifiers photons 2.6.3.2.1 Photon Global Settings poly 2.4.3.2 Poly, Cubic and Quartic prism 2.4.1.8 Prism rainbow 2.3.2.5 Rainbow sor 2.4.1.12 Surface of Revolution sphere_sweep 2.4.1.10 Sphere Sweep torus 2.4.1.14 Torus defined 2.2.1.3.4 Functions degrees 2.2.1.3.4 Functions demonstration running 3.5.7.4 Run Demo Demonstration render 3.2.1 The Demo density media 2.6.2 Media density_file 2.5.11.11 Density_File keyword 2.5.11.11 Density_File pattern 2.5.11.11 Density_File density_map 2.6.2.3.3 Density Maps and Density Lists dents 2.5.11.12 Dents keyword 2.5.11.12 Dents pattern 2.5.11.12 Dents Depth of field 2.3.1.3 Focal Blur df3 2.5.11.11 Density_File density_file 2.5.11.11 Density_File Difference 2.4.6.4 Difference CSG 1.2.3.4 CSG Difference keyword 2.4.6.4 Difference tutorial 1.2.3.4 CSG Difference diffuse finish 2.5.3 Finish dimension_size 2.2.1.3.4 Functions dimensions 2.2.1.3.4 Functions direction 2.3.1.1.4 The Direction Vector camera 2.3.1 Camera rainbow 2.3.2.5 Rainbow Directives #language, #declare vs. #local 2.2.2.2.2 #declare vs. #local language 2.2.2 Language Directives language, #banner 2.2.2.7.1 Text Message Streams language, #break 2.2.2.6.3 The #switch, #case, #range and #break Directives language, #case 2.2.2.6.3 The #switch, #case, #range and #break Directives language, #debug 2.2.2.7.1 Text Message Streams language, #declare 2.2.2.2 The #declare and #local Directives language, #default 2.2.2.4 The #default Directive language, #else 2.2.2.6.1 The #if...#else...#end Directives language, #end 2.2.2.6.1 The #if...#else...#end Directives 2.2.2.6.4 The #while...#end Directive language, #error 2.2.2.7.1 Text Message Streams language, #fclose 2.2.2.3.2 The #fclose Directive language, #fopen 2.2.2.3.1 The #fopen Directive language, #if 2.2.2.6.1 The #if...#else...#end Directives language, #ifdef 2.2.2.6.2 The #ifdef and #ifndef Directives language, #ifndef 2.2.2.6.2 The #ifdef and #ifndef Directives language, #include 2.2.2.1 Include Files and the #include Directive language, #local 2.2.2.2 The #declare and #local Directives language, #macro 2.2.2.8 User Defined Macros 2.2.2.8.1 The #macro Directive language, #range 2.2.2.6.3 The #switch, #case, #range and #break Directives language, #read 2.2.2.3.3 The #read Directive language, #render 2.2.2.7.1 Text Message Streams language, #statistics 2.2.2.7.1 Text Message Streams language, #status 2.2.2.7.1 Text Message Streams language, #switch 2.2.2.6.3 The #switch, #case, #range and #break Directives language, #undef 2.2.2.2.4 Destroying Identifiers with #undef language, #version 2.2.2.5 The #version Directive language, #warning 2.2.2.7.1 Text Message Streams language, #while 2.2.2.6.4 The #while...#end Directive language, #write 2.2.2.3.4 The #write Directive language, conditional 2.2.2.6 Conditional Directives language, default texture 2.2.2.4 The #default Directive language, file I/O 2.2.2.3 File I/O Directives language, identifiers 2.2.2.2.1 Declaring identifiers language, identifiers, destroying 2.2.2.2.4 Destroying Identifiers with #undef language, user messages 2.2.2.7 User Message Directives name collisions 2.2.2.2.3 Identifier Name Collisions Directory default output 2.1.2.4.2 Output File Name disc 2.4.2.2 Disc keyword 2.4.2.2 Disc dispersion 2.6.1.5 Dispersion interior 2.6.1 Interior photons 2.6.3.5.3 Photons and Dispersion dispersion_samples 2.6.1.5 Dispersion interior 2.6.1 Interior Display ini-option 2.1.2.3.1 Display Hardware Settings Display_Gamma 2.1.2.3.1 Display Hardware Settings for your display 2.1.2.3.2 Setting your Display Gamma ini-option 2.1.2.3.1 Display Hardware Settings dist_exp 2.5.12.6.5 Mapping using warps warp 2.5.12.6 Warps distance 2.3.2.3 Fog fog 2.3.2.3 Fog rainbow 2.3.2.5 Rainbow div 2.2.1.3.4 Functions Divergence 2.7.9.3 Vector Analysis double_illuminate 2.4.9.8 Double_Illuminate object modifier 2.4.9.8 Double_Illuminate drag and drop 3.2.3 Dragging and Dropping Files Draw_Vistas ini-option 2.1.2.3.3 Display Related Settings dropping files 3.2.3 Dragging and Dropping Files dynamic max_gradient 2.4.4 Isosurface Object eccentricity 2.6.2.1.3 Scattering media 2.6.2 Media Edit Menu 3.5.2 Edit Menu Selection 3.5.2.10 Selection Editor 3.2.6 Using the Internal Editor language setting 3.5.5.15.2 Language/Tabs Editor Menu 3.5.5 Editor Menu Auto-Reload 3.5.5.12 Auto-Reload Color Scheme 3.5.5.14 Color Scheme Preferences 3.5.5.15 Editor Preferences Scroll Bars 3.5.5.13 Scroll Bars Editor Window 3.4.6 The Editor Window Context Menu 3.5.10.5 The Editor Window Context Menu else 2.2.2.6.1 The #if...#else...#end Directives emission 2.6.2.1.2 Emission media 2.6.2 Media end 2.2.2.6.1 The #if...#else...#end Directives End_Column ini-option 2.1.2.2.2 Partial Output Options End_Row 2.1.2.2.2 Partial Output Options ini-option 2.1.2.2.2 Partial Output Options Environment variables POVINI 1.2.8.3 Using the POVINI Environment Variable POVRAYOPT 1.2.8.3 Using the POVINI Environment Variable error 2.2.2.7.1 Text Message Streams debug.inc 2.7.5 debug.inc error_bound 2.3.4.2.11 nearest_count eval_pigment 2.7.7.3 Pre defined functions evaluate 2.4.4 Isosurface Object isosurface 2.4.4 Isosurface Object even 2.7.9.1 Float functions and macros exp 2.2.1.3.4 Functions julia 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal julia_fractal 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal expand_thresholds 2.6.3.5.2 Adaptive Search Radius exponent 2.5.3.4 Specular Reflection finish 2.5.3 Finish julia 2.5.11.14 Fractal Patterns mandel 2.5.11.14 Fractal Patterns reflection 2.5.3.4 Specular Reflection Expressions float 2.2.1.3 Float Expressions vector 2.2.1.4 Vector Expressions Extents 2.7.12.1 shapes.inc exterior 2.5.11.14 Fractal Patterns julia 2.5.11.14 Fractal Patterns magnet 2.5.11.14 Fractal Patterns mandel 2.5.11.14 Fractal Patterns extinction 2.6.2.1.3 Scattering media 2.6.2 Media f_algbr_cyl1 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_algbr_cyl2 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_algbr_cyl3 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_algbr_cyl4 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_bicorn 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_bifolia 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_blob 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_blob2 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_boy_surface 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_comma 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_cross_ellipsoids 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_crossed_trough 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_cubic_saddle 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_cushion 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_devils_curve 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_devils_curve_2d 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_dupin_cyclid 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_ellipsoid 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_enneper 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_flange_cover 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_folium_surface 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_folium_surface_2d 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_glob 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_heart 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_helical_torus 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_helix1 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_helix2 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_hetero_mf 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_hex_x 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_hex_y 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_hunt_surface 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_hyperbolic_torus 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_isect_ellipsoids 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_kampyle_of_eudoxus 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_kampyle_of_eudoxus_2d 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_klein_bottle 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_kummer_surface_v1 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_kummer_surface_v2 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_lemniscate_of_gerono 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_lemniscate_of_gerono_2d 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_mesh1 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_mitre 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_nodal_cubic 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_noise3d 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_noise_generator 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_odd 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_ovals_of_cassini 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_parabolic_torus 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_paraboloid 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_ph 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_pillow 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_piriform 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_piriform_2d 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_poly4 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_polytubes 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_quantum 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_quartic_cylinder 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_quartic_paraboloid 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_quartic_saddle 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_r 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_ridge 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_ridged_mf 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_rounded_box 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_scallop_wave 2.7.7.3 Pre defined functions f_sine_wave 2.7.7.3 Pre defined functions f_snoise3d 2.7.7.3 Pre defined functions f_sphere 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_spikes 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_spikes_2d 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_spiral 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_sqr 2.7.9.1 Float functions and macros f_steiners_roman 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_strophoid 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_strophoid_2d 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_superellipsoid 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_th 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_torus 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_torus2 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_torus_gumdrop 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_umbrella 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_witch_of_agnesi 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions f_witch_of_agnesi_2d 2.7.7.2 Internal Functions face_indices 2.4.2.4 Mesh2 mesh2 2.4.2.4 Mesh2 facets 2.5.11.13 Facets keyword 2.5.11.13 Facets pattern 2.5.11.13 Facets fade_color 2.6.1.6 Attenuation interior 2.6.1 Interior fade_colour 2.6.1.6 Attenuation fade_distance 2.4.7.9 Light Fading interior 2.6.1 Interior 2.6.1.6 Attenuation light_source 2.4.7 Light Sources 2.4.7.9 Light Fading fade_power 2.4.7.9 Light Fading interior 2.6.1 Interior 2.6.1.6 Attenuation light_source 2.4.7 Light Sources 2.4.7.9 Light Fading Fading Light 1.2.4.6.3 Using Light Fading falloff 2.4.7.2 Spotlights finish 2.5.3 Finish light_source 2.4.7 Light Sources 2.4.7.2 Spotlights reflection 2.5.3.4 Specular Reflection warp 2.5.12.6 Warps 2.5.12.6.1 Black Hole Warp falloff_angle 2.3.2.5 Rainbow rainbow 2.3.2.5 Rainbow false 2.2.1.3.5 Built-in Constants FAQ 1.4 Questions and Tips Fatal_Console ini-option 2.1.2.7.2 Console Text Output Fatal_Error_Command ini-option 2.1.2.6 Shell-out to Operating System Fatal_Error_Return 2.1.2.6.3 Shell Command Return Actions Fatal_File ini-option 2.1.2.7.3 Directing Text Streams to Files fclose 2.2.2.3.2 The #fclose Directive Field_Render 2.1.2.1.5 Field Rendering file i/o quickref 2.8.4.3 File Input/Output restrictions 3.2.7 I/O Restrictions file inclusion quickref 2.8.4.1 File Inclusion File Menu 3.5.1 File Menu Older Files 3.5.1.8 Older Files File Queue 3.5.7.6 File Queue file_exists 2.2.1.3.4 Functions filter 2.2.1.5 Specifying Colors bitmap modfier 2.5.1.5.2 The Filter and Transmit Bitmap Modifiers final_clock 2.2.1.3.6 Built-in Variables ini-option 2.1.2.1.2 Internal Animation Loop ini-option, tutorial 1.3.8.5 INI File Settings final_frame 2.2.1.3.6 Built-in Variables ini-option 2.1.2.1.2 Internal Animation Loop ini-option, tutorial 1.3.8.5 INI File Settings Finding include files 2.1.2.5.4 Library Paths finish 2.5.3 Finish keyword 2.5.3 Finish quickref 2.8.10.6 Finish tutorial 1.3.4.3 Finishes fisheye 2.3.1.2.3 Fisheye projection camera 2.3.1 Camera flatness 2.4.2.1 Bicubic Patch bicubic_patch 2.4.2.1 Bicubic Patch flip 2.5.12.6.2 Repeat Warp warp 2.5.12.6 Warps Float boolean 2.2.1.3.5 Built-in Constants built-in constants 2.2.1.3.5 Built-in Constants built-in variables 2.2.1.3.6 Built-in Variables expressions 2.2.1.3 Float Expressions functions 2.2.1.3.4 Functions functions, user-defined 2.2.1.6.3 Declaring User-Defined Float Functions identifiers 2.2.1.3.2 Identifiers literals 2.2.1.3.1 Literals operators 2.2.1.3.3 Operators quickref 2.8.3.1 Floats float expressions quickref 2.8.3.1 Floats floats quickref 2.8.3.1 Floats floor 2.2.1.3.4 Functions fn_Divergence 2.7.9.3 Vector Analysis fn_Gradient 2.7.9.3 Vector Analysis fn_Gradient_Directional 2.7.9.3 Vector Analysis Focal Blur using 1.2.6.1 Using Focal Blur focal_point 2.3.1.3 Focal Blur camera 2.3.1 Camera focus 1.2.6.1 Using Focal Blur Fog 2.3.2.3 Fog adding 1.3.5.3 The Fog adding turbulence 1.3.5.3.4 Adding Some Turbulence to the Fog constant 1.3.5.3.1 A Constant Fog filtering 1.3.5.3.3 Creating a Filtering Fog ground 1.3.5.3.5 Using Ground Fog hollow objects 1.3.5.3.7 Fog and Hollow Objects keyword 2.3.2.3 Fog quickref 2.8.12.2 Fog setting minimum translucency 1.3.5.3.2 Setting a Minimum Translucency tutorial 1.3.5.3 The Fog using multiple layers of 1.3.5.3.6 Using Multiple Layers of Fog fog_alt 2.3.2.3 Fog fog 2.3.2.3 Fog fog_offset 2.3.2.3 Fog fog 2.3.2.3 Fog fog_type 2.3.2.3 Fog fog 2.3.2.3 Fog fopen 2.2.2.3.1 The #fopen Directive form 2.5.11.9 Crackle Patterns crackle 2.5.11.9 Crackle Patterns fractal 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal Fractal Object 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal frame_number 2.2.1.3.6 Built-in Variables frequency 2.5.12 Pattern Modifiers pattern modifier 2.5.12 Pattern Modifiers 2.5.12.2 Frequency and Phase radial 2.5.11.28 Radial tutorial 1.3.4.1.3 Using Pattern Modifiers fresnel 2.5.3.4 Specular Reflection finish 2.5.3 Finish function 2.2.1.6 User-Defined Functions as pattern 2.5.11.15 Function as pattern height_field 2.4.1.5 Height Field internal bitmap 2.5.11.16 Function Image isosurface 2.4.4 Isosurface Object parametric 2.4.5 Parametric Object pattern 2.5.11.15 Function as pattern function image pattern 2.5.11.16 Function Image Functions 2.2.1.6 User-Defined Functions float 2.2.1.3.4 Functions internal 2.2.1.6.6 Internal Pre-Defined Functions string 2.2.1.7.3 String Functions user-defined 2.2.1.6 User-Defined Functions user-defined, color 2.2.1.6.5 Declaring User-Defined Color Functions user-defined, float 2.2.1.6.3 Declaring User-Defined Float Functions user-defined, vector 2.2.1.6.4 Declaring User-Defined Vector Functions vector 2.2.1.4.5 Functions vs. macros 2.2.1.6.2 Functions and Macros gamma determining your display 2.1.2.3.2 Setting your Display Gamma image file 2.3.3.3.2 Image File Gamma monitor 2.3.3.3.1 Monitor Gamma scene file 2.3.3.3.3 Scene File Gamma test image 2.1.2.3.2 Setting your Display Gamma gather 2.6.3.2.1 Photon Global Settings GetStats 2.7.9.1 Float functions and macros gif 2.5.1.5.1 Specifying an Image Map height_field 2.4.1.5 Height Field global settings quickref 2.8.13 Global Settings global_lights 2.4.8 Light Groups light_group 2.4.8 Light Groups global_settings 2.3.3 Global Settings keyword 2.3.3 Global Settings gradient 2.5.11.17 Gradient keyword 2.5.11.17 Gradient pattern 2.5.11.17 Gradient Gradient_Directional 2.7.9.3 Vector Analysis Gradient_Length 2.7.9.3 Vector Analysis granite 2.5.11.18 Granite keyword 2.5.11.18 Granite pattern 2.5.11.18 Granite gray 2.2.1.5.4 Color Operators gray_threshold 2.3.4.2.6 gray_threshold green 2.2.1.5.2 Color Keywords Ground Fog 2.3.2.3 Fog using 1.3.5.3.5 Using Ground Fog GUI Extensions Menu 3.5.9.5 GUI Extensions Menu halo 2.5.4 Halo keyword 2.5.4 Halo Height ini-option 2.1.2.2.1 Height and Width of Output height_field 2.4.1.5 Height Field keyword 2.4.1.5 Height Field tutorial 1.3.3.2 Height Field Object Help On This Menu 3.5.8.10.6 Hide New User Help Hex_Tiles_Ptrn 2.7.17.7 Texture and pattern macros hexagon 2.5.11.19 Hexagon keyword 2.5.11.19 Hexagon pattern 2.5.11.19 Hexagon HF_Cylinder 2.7.12.1.1 The HF Macros hf_gray_16 2.3.3.4 HF_Gray_16 global_settings 2.3.3 Global Settings 2.3.3.4 HF_Gray_16 HF_Sphere 2.7.12.1.1 The HF Macros HF_Square 2.7.12.1.1 The HF Macros HF_Torus 2.7.12.1.1 The HF Macros hierarchy 2.4.1.1 Blob blob 2.4.1.1 Blob height_field 2.4.1.5 Height Field mesh 2.4.2.3 Mesh Highlights 1.3.4.3.2 Using Surface Highlights Histogram 2.7.9.1 Float functions and macros Histogram_Grid_Size ini-option 2.1.2.4.7 Grid Size Histogram_Name ini-option 2.1.2.4.6 File Name Histogram_Type ini-option 2.1.2.4.5 File Type hollow 2.4.9.5 Hollow object modifier 2.4.9.5 Hollow Hollow Objects fog inside 1.3.5.3.7 Fog and Hollow Objects hypercomplex 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal julia_fractal 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal I/O Restrictions 3.2.7 I/O Restrictions in Windows specific 5.4 I/O Restrictions in Unix specific identifier 2.2.1.1 Identifiers and Keywords declaration, quickref 2.8.4.2 Identifier Declaration Identifiers 2.2.1.1 Identifiers and Keywords array 2.2.1.8 Array Identifiers color 2.2.1.5.3 Color Identifiers declaring 2.2.2.2.1 Declaring identifiers destroying 2.2.2.2.4 Destroying Identifiers with #undef float 2.2.1.3.2 Identifiers string 2.2.1.7.2 String Identifiers vector 2.2.1.4.2 Identifiers if 2.2.2.6.1 The #if...#else...#end Directives ifdef 2.2.2.6.2 The #ifdef and #ifndef Directives iff 2.5.1.5.1 Specifying an Image Map ifndef 2.2.2.6.2 The #ifdef and #ifndef Directives image_height 2.2.1.3.6 Built-in Variables image_map 2.5.1.5 Image Maps pigment 2.5.1 Pigment image_pattern 2.5.11.20 Image Pattern keyword 2.5.11.20 Image Pattern pattern 2.5.11.20 Image Pattern image_width 2.2.1.3.6 Built-in Variables include 2.2.2.1 Include Files and the #include Directive standard files 2.7 Include Files Include Files finding 2.1.2.5.4 Library Paths Include Path 2.1.2.5.4 Library Paths Include_Header ini-option 2.1.2.5.3 Include File Name INI files 3.2.5.2 INI Files constant 2.1.2.5.1 Constant using 1.2.8.2 Using INI Files initial_clock 2.2.1.3.6 Built-in Variables ini-option 2.1.2.1.2 Internal Animation Loop ini-option, tutorial 1.3.8.5 INI File Settings initial_frame 2.2.1.3.6 Built-in Variables ini-option 2.1.2.1.2 Internal Animation Loop ini-option, tutorial 1.3.8.5 INI File Settings Initialization arrays 2.2.1.8.2 Array Initializers Input_File_Name ini-option 2.1.2.5.2 Input File Name Insert Menu 3.5.6 Insert Menu inside 2.2.1.3.4 Functions inside_vector 2.4.2.3.1 Solid Mesh mesh 2.4.2.3 Mesh mesh2 2.4.2.4 Mesh2 int 2.2.1.3.4 Functions Interference 1.3.4.3.4 Using Iridescence interior 2.6.1 Interior fade_distance 2.6.1.6 Attenuation fade_power 2.6.1.6 Attenuation julia 2.5.11.14 Fractal Patterns keyword 2.6.1 Interior magnet 2.5.11.14 Fractal Patterns mandel 2.5.11.14 Fractal Patterns quickref 2.8.9.3 Interior interior texture 2.8.9.4 Interior Texture interior_texture 2.5.9 Interior Texture keyword 2.5.9 Interior Texture internal 2.2.1.6.6 Internal Pre-Defined Functions functions.inc 2.7.7 functions.inc Internal Editor Using 3.2.6 Using the Internal Editor interpolate 2.5.12 Pattern Modifiers density_file 2.5.11.11 Density_File image_pattern 2.5.11.20 Image Pattern macro 2.7.9.1 Float functions and macros pattern modifier 2.5.12 Pattern Modifiers 2.5.12.7.3 The interpolate Option Intersection 2.4.6.3 Intersection CSG 1.2.3.3 CSG Intersection keyword 2.4.6.3 Intersection tutorial 1.2.3.3 CSG Intersection intervals 2.6.2.2 Sampling Parameters & Methods media 2.6.2 Media inverse 2.4.9.4 Inverse object modifier 2.4.9.4 Inverse warp 2.5.12.6 Warps ior 2.6.1.4 Refraction interior 2.6.1 Interior Irid 2.5.3.6 Iridescence finish 2.5.3 Finish using 1.3.4.3.4 Using Iridescence irid_wavelength 2.3.3.5 Irid_Wavelength global_settings 2.3.3 Global Settings 2.3.3.5 Irid_Wavelength Irregular_Bricks_Ptrn 2.7.17.7 Texture and pattern macros Isect 2.7.12.1 shapes.inc isosurface 2.4.4 Isosurface Object default values 2.4.4 Isosurface Object keyword 2.4.4 Isosurface Object tutorial 1.3.3.3 Isosurface Object jitter 2.4.7.5 Area Lights anti-aliasing 2.1.2.8.4 Anti-Aliasing Options area_light 2.4.7.5 Area Lights in animations 1.3.8.4 Do Not Use Jitter Or Crand ini-option 2.1.2.8.4 Anti-Aliasing Options light_source 2.4.7 Light Sources photons 2.6.3.2.1 Photon Global Settings rainbow 2.3.2.5 Rainbow Jitter_Amount ini.option 2.1.2.8.4 Anti-Aliasing Options jpeg 2.5.1.5.1 Specifying an Image Map height_field 2.4.1.5 Height Field julia 2.5.11.14 Fractal Patterns keyword 2.5.11.14 Fractal Patterns pattern 2.5.11.14 Fractal Patterns julia_fractal 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal keyword 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal Keep Single Instance 3.5.8.1 Keep Single Instance Keyboard Configuration 3.5.5.15.3 Keyboard keyword 2.2.1.1 Identifiers and Keywords aa_level 2.6.2 Media aa_threshold 2.6.2 Media absorption 2.6.2 Media accuracy 2.4.4 Isosurface Object in scene objects reference 2.4.5 Parametric Object in scene objects reference 2.5.2 Normal in textures reference acos 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal acosh 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal adaptive 2.4.7 Light Sources adc_bailout 2.3.3 Global Settings agate 2.5.11.1 Agate agate_turb 2.5.11.1 Agate all_intersections 2.4.4 Isosurface Object altitude 2.5.11.30 Slope ambient 2.5.3 Finish ambient_light 2.3.3 Global Settings angle 2.3.1 Camera 2.3.2.5 Rainbow aperture 2.3.1 Camera arc_angle 2.3.2.5 Rainbow area_light 2.4.7 Light Sources ascii 2.3.3 Global Settings asin 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal asinh 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal assumed_gamma 2.3.3 Global Settings atan 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal atanh 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal average 2.5.11.2 Average b_spline 2.4.1.10 Sphere Sweep background 2.3.2.2 Background bezier_spline 2.4.1.7 Lathe 2.4.1.8 Prism bicubic_patch 2.4.2.1 Bicubic Patch black_hole 2.5.12.6 Warps blob 2.4.1.1 Blob blur_samples 2.3.1 Camera box 2.4.1.2 Box boxed 2.5.11.3 Boxed bozo 2.5.11.4 Bozo brick 2.5.11.5 Brick brick_size 2.5.11.5 Brick brilliance 2.5.3 Finish bump_map 2.5.2 Normal bump_size 2.5.2 Normal bumps 2.5.11.6 Bumps camera 2.3.1 Camera caustics 2.6.1 Interior cells 2.5.11.7 Cells charset 2.3.3 Global Settings checker 2.5.11.8 Checker circular 2.4.7 Light Sources color_map 2.5.1 Pigment colour_map 2.5.1 Pigment component 2.4.1.1 Blob cone 2.4.1.3 Cone confidence 2.3.1 Camera in settings reference 2.6.2 Media in media reference conic_sweep 2.4.1.8 Prism conserve_energy 2.5.3 Finish contained_by 2.4.4 Isosurface Object 2.4.5 Parametric Object control0 2.5.11.27 Quilted control1 2.5.11.27 Quilted coords 2.5.11.13 Facets cos 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal cosh 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal crackle 2.5.11.9 Crackle Patterns crand 2.5.3 Finish cube 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal cubic 2.4.3.2 Poly, Cubic and Quartic cubic_spline 2.4.1.7 Lathe 2.4.1.8 Prism 2.4.1.10 Sphere Sweep cylinder 2.3.1 Camera in settings reference 2.4.1.1 Blob in scene objects reference 2.4.1.4 Cylinder in scene objects reference 2.4.7 Light Sources in scene objects reference cylindrical 2.5.11.10 Cylindrical 2.5.12.6 Warps density 2.6.2 Media density_file 2.5.11.11 Density_File dents 2.5.11.12 Dents df3 2.5.11.11 Density_File difference 2.4.6.4 Difference diffuse 2.5.3 Finish direction 2.3.1 Camera 2.3.2.5 Rainbow disc 2.4.2.2 Disc dispersion 2.6.1 Interior dispersion_samples 2.6.1 Interior dist_exp 2.5.12.6 Warps distance 2.3.2.3 Fog 2.3.2.5 Rainbow eccentricity 2.6.2 Media emission 2.6.2 Media evaluate 2.4.4 Isosurface Object exp 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal exponent 2.5.3 Finish 2.5.11.14 Fractal Patterns exterior 2.5.11.14 Fractal Patterns extinction 2.6.2 Media face_indices 2.4.2.4 Mesh2 facets 2.5.11.13 Facets fade_color 2.6.1 Interior fade_distance 2.4.7 Light Sources in scene objects reference 2.6.1 Interior in interior reference fade_power 2.4.7 Light Sources in scene objects reference 2.6.1 Interior in interior reference falloff 2.4.7 Light Sources in scene objects reference 2.5.3 Finish in textures reference 2.5.12.6 Warps in textures reference falloff_angle 2.3.2.5 Rainbow finish 2.5.3 Finish fisheye 2.3.1 Camera flatness 2.4.2.1 Bicubic Patch flip 2.5.12.6 Warps focal_point 2.3.1 Camera fog 2.3.2.3 Fog fog_alt 2.3.2.3 Fog fog_offset 2.3.2.3 Fog fog_type 2.3.2.3 Fog form 2.5.11.9 Crackle Patterns frequency 2.5.11.28 Radial fresnel 2.5.3 Finish function 2.4.1.5 Height Field 2.4.4 Isosurface Object 2.4.5 Parametric Object gif 2.4.1.5 Height Field global_lights 2.4.8 Light Groups global_settings 2.3.3 Global Settings gradient 2.5.11.17 Gradient granite 2.5.11.18 Granite halo 2.5.4 Halo height_field 2.4.1.5 Height Field hexagon 2.5.11.19 Hexagon hf_gray_16 2.3.3 Global Settings hierarchy 2.4.1.1 Blob 2.4.1.5 Height Field 2.4.2.3 Mesh hypercomplex 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal image_map 2.5.1 Pigment image_pattern 2.5.11.20 Image Pattern inside_vector 2.4.2.3 Mesh 2.4.2.4 Mesh2 interior 2.5.11.14 Fractal Patterns in textures reference 2.6.1 Interior in interior reference interior_texture 2.5.9 Interior Texture interpolate 2.5.11.11 Density_File 2.5.11.20 Image Pattern intersection 2.4.6.3 Intersection intervals 2.6.2 Media inverse 2.5.12.6 Warps ior 2.6.1 Interior irid 2.5.3 Finish irid_wavelength 2.3.3 Global Settings isosurface 2.4.4 Isosurface Object jitter 2.3.2.5 Rainbow in settings reference 2.4.7 Light Sources in scene objects reference jpeg 2.4.1.5 Height Field julia 2.5.11.14 Fractal Patterns julia_fractal 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal lambda 2.3.2.3 Fog in settings reference 2.5.12.6 Warps in textures reference lathe 2.4.1.7 Lathe leopard 2.5.11.21 Leopard light_group 2.4.8 Light Groups light_source 2.4.7 Light Sources 2.4.8 Light Groups linear_spline 2.4.1.7 Lathe 2.4.1.8 Prism 2.4.1.10 Sphere Sweep linear_sweep 2.4.1.8 Prism ln 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal location 2.3.1 Camera look_at 2.3.1 Camera looks_like 2.4.7 Light Sources magnet 2.5.11.14 Fractal Patterns mandel 2.5.11.14 Fractal Patterns map_type 2.5.11.20 Image Pattern marble 2.5.11.22 Marble material_map 2.5 Textures max_gradient 2.4.4 Isosurface Object 2.4.5 Parametric Object max_intersections 2.3.3 Global Settings max_iteration 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal max_trace 2.4.4 Isosurface Object max_trace_level 2.3.3 Global Settings media 2.6.2 Media media_attenuation 2.4.7 Light Sources media_interaction 2.4.7 Light Sources merge 2.4.6.5 Merge mesh 2.4.2.3 Mesh mesh2 2.4.2.4 Mesh2 metallic 2.5.3 Finish method 2.6.2 Media metric 2.5.11.9 Crackle Patterns mortar 2.5.11.5 Brick no_bump_scale 2.5.2 Normal noise_generator 2.3.3 Global Settings normal 2.5.2 Normal normal_indices 2.4.2.4 Mesh2 normal_map 2.5.2 Normal normal_vectors 2.4.2.4 Mesh2 number_of_waves 2.3.3 Global Settings object 2.5.11.23 Object Pattern octaves 2.3.2.3 Fog in settings reference 2.5.12.6 Warps in textures reference offset 2.5.11.9 Crackle Patterns 2.5.12.6 Warps omega 2.3.2.3 Fog in settings reference 2.5.12.6 Warps in textures reference omnimax 2.3.1 Camera once 2.5.11.20 Image Pattern onion 2.5.11.24 Onion open 2.4.1.3 Cone 2.4.1.4 Cylinder 2.4.1.8 Prism 2.4.1.12 Surface of Revolution 2.4.4 Isosurface Object orient 2.4.7 Light Sources orientation 2.5.12.6 Warps orthographic 2.3.1 Camera panoramic 2.3.1 Camera parallel 2.4.7 Light Sources parametric 2.4.5 Parametric Object perspective 2.3.1 Camera pgm 2.4.1.5 Height Field phong 2.5.3 Finish phong_size 2.5.3 Finish photon 2.3.3 Global Settings pigment 2.5.1 Pigment pigment_map 2.5.1 Pigment 2.5.11.2 Average pigment_pattern 2.5.11.25 Pigment Pattern planar 2.5.11.26 Planar 2.5.12.6 Warps plane 2.4.3.1 Plane png 2.4.1.5 Height Field point_at 2.4.7 Light Sources poly 2.4.3.2 Poly, Cubic and Quartic polygon 2.4.2.5 Polygon pot 2.4.1.5 Height Field precision 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal precompute 2.4.5 Parametric Object prism 2.4.1.8 Prism projected_through 2.4.7 Light Sources pwr 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal quadratic_spline 2.4.1.7 Lathe 2.4.1.8 Prism quadric 2.4.3.3 Quadric quartic 2.4.3.2 Poly, Cubic and Quartic quaternion 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal quick_color 2.5.1 Pigment quick_colour 2.5.1 Pigment quilted 2.5.11.27 Quilted radial 2.5.11.28 Radial radiosity 2.3.3 Global Settings radius 2.4.7 Light Sources rainbow 2.3.2.5 Rainbow ratio 2.6.2 Media reciprocal 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal repeat 2.5.12.6 Warps right 2.3.1 Camera ripples 2.5.11.29 Ripples roughness 2.5.3 Finish samples 2.6.2 Media scattering 2.6.2 Media shadowless 2.4.7 Light Sources sin 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal sinh 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal size 2.5.11.13 Facets sky 2.3.1 Camera sky_sphere 2.3.2.4 Sky Sphere slope 2.5.11.30 Slope slope_map 2.5.2 Normal smooth 2.4.1.5 Height Field smooth_triangle 2.4.2.3 Mesh 2.4.2.6 Triangle and Smooth Triangle solid 2.5.11.9 Crackle Patterns sor 2.4.1.12 Surface of Revolution specular 2.5.3 Finish sphere 2.4.1.1 Blob 2.4.1.9 Sphere sphere_sweep 2.4.1.10 Sphere Sweep spherical 2.3.1 Camera in settings reference 2.5.11.31 Spherical in textures reference 2.5.12.6 Warps in textures reference spiral1 2.5.11.32 Spiral1 spiral2 2.5.11.33 Spiral2 split_union 2.4.6.2.1 Split_Union spotlight 2.4.7 Light Sources spotted 2.5.11.34 Spotted sqr 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal strength 2.4.1.1 Blob in scene objects reference 2.5.12.6 Warps in textures reference sturm 2.4.1.1 Blob 2.4.1.7 Lathe 2.4.1.8 Prism 2.4.1.12 Surface of Revolution 2.4.1.14 Torus 2.4.3.2 Poly, Cubic and Quartic superellipsoid 2.4.1.11 Superquadric Ellipsoid sys 2.3.3 Global Settings in settings reference 2.4.1.5 Height Field in scene objects reference tan 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal tanh 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal text 2.4.1.13 Text texture 2.5 Textures texture_list 2.4.2.3 Mesh in scene objects reference 2.4.2.4 Mesh2 in scene objects reference 2.5.8 Triangle Texture Interpolation in textures reference texture_map 2.5 Textures tga 2.4.1.5 Height Field thickness 2.5.3 Finish threshold 2.4.1.1 Blob 2.4.4 Isosurface Object tiff 2.4.1.5 Height Field tightness 2.4.7 Light Sources tolerance 2.4.1.10 Sphere Sweep toroidal 2.5.12.6 Warps torus 2.4.1.14 Torus triangle 2.4.2.3 Mesh 2.4.2.6 Triangle and Smooth Triangle ttf 2.4.1.13 Text turb_depth 2.3.2.3 Fog turbulence 2.3.2.3 Fog in settings reference 2.5.3 Finish in textures reference 2.5.12.6 Warps in textures reference type 2.4.2.1 Bicubic Patch u_steps 2.4.2.1 Bicubic Patch ultra_wide_angle 2.3.1 Camera union 2.4.6.2 Union up 2.3.1 Camera 2.3.2.3 Fog 2.3.2.5 Rainbow use_alpha 2.5.11.20 Image Pattern utf8 2.3.3 Global Settings uv_indices 2.4.2.4 Mesh2 uv_vectors 2.4.2.3 Mesh 2.4.2.4 Mesh2 v_steps 2.4.2.1 Bicubic Patch variance 2.3.1 Camera in settings reference 2.6.2 Media in media reference vertex_vectors 2.4.2.4 Mesh2 warp 2.5.12.6 Warps water_level 2.4.1.5 Height Field waves 2.5.11.35 Waves width 2.3.2.5 Rainbow wood 2.5.11.36 Wood wrinkles 2.5.11.37 Wrinkles Keyword Expansion 3.2.6.5 Keyword Expansion and CodeList keyword:#include 1.2.1.2 Adding Standard Include Files keywords 2.2.1.1 Identifiers and Keywords color 2.2.1.5.2 Color Keywords lambda 2.5.12 Pattern Modifiers fog 2.3.2.3 Fog pattern modifier 2.5.12 Pattern Modifiers 2.5.12.6.4 Turbulence Warp tutorial 1.3.4.1.3 Using Pattern Modifiers warp 2.5.12.6 Warps Language 3.5.5.15.2 Language/Tabs basics, quickref 2.8.3 Language Basics directives 2.2.2 Language Directives directives, quickref 2.8.4 Language Directives editor 3.5.5.15.2 Language/Tabs identifiers, camera 2.3.1.5 Camera Identifiers language basics quickref 2.8.3 Language Basics language directives quickref 2.8.4 Language Directives lathe 2.4.1.7 Lathe keyword 2.4.1.7 Lathe tutorial 1.3.1.1 Lathe Object layered texture quickref 2.8.10.2 Layered Texture Layered Textures another example 1.3.4.10.2 Another Layered Textures Example declaring 1.3.4.10.1 Declaring Layered Textures using 1.3.4.1.4 Using Transparent Pigments and Layered Textures working with 1.3.4.10 Working With Layered Textures Left-Handed coordinate system 1.2.1.1 Understanding POV-Ray's Coordinate System leopard 2.5.11.21 Leopard keyword 2.5.11.21 Leopard pattern 2.5.11.21 Leopard Library_Path ini-option 2.1.2.5.4 Library Paths License 1.5.1 POV-Ray User License Light Fading using 1.2.4.6.3 Using Light Fading Light Source assigning an object to 1.2.4.6.2 Assigning an Object to a Light Source the 1.2.4 The Light Source Light Sources and photons 2.6.3.2.3 Photons and Light Sources special 1.2.4.6 Light Source Specials Light_Buffer ini-option 2.1.2.8.2 Automatic Bounding Control light_group 2.4.8 Light Groups keyword 2.4.8 Light Groups light_source 2.4.7 Light Sources area_light 2.4.7.5 Area Lights area_light, adaptive 2.4.7.5 Area Lights area_light, circular 2.4.7.5 Area Lights area_light, jitter 2.4.7.5 Area Lights area_light, orient 2.4.7.5 Area Lights area_light, tutorial 1.2.4.4 The Area Light Source cylinder 2.4.7.3 Cylindrical Lights cylinder, tutorial 1.2.4.3 The Cylindrical Light Source defining 1.2.1.6 Defining a Light Source fade_distance 2.4.7.9 Light Fading fade_power 2.4.7.9 Light Fading fade_power, tutorial 1.2.4.6.3 Using Light Fading keyword 2.4.7 Light Sources light_group 2.4.8 Light Groups looks_like 2.4.7.7 Looks_like looks_like, tutorial 1.2.4.6.2 Assigning an Object to a Light Source media_attenuation 2.4.7.11 Atmospheric Attenuation media_interaction 2.4.7.10 Atmospheric Media Interaction parallel 2.4.7.4 Parallel Lights point light 2.4.7.1 Point Lights projected_through 2.4.7.8 Projected_Through shadowless 2.4.7.6 Shadowless Lights shadowless, tutorial 1.2.4.6.1 Using Shadowless Lights spotlight 2.4.7.2 Spotlights spotlight, falloff 2.4.7.2 Spotlights spotlight, radius 2.4.7.2 Spotlights spotlight, tightness 2.4.7.2 Spotlights spotlight, tutorial 1.2.4.2 The Spotlight Source tutorial 1.2.4 The Light Source lightgroup quickref 2.8.7.1 Lightgroup lights quickref 2.8.7 Lights linear_spline 2.4.1.7 Lathe lathe 2.4.1.7 Lathe prism 2.4.1.8 Prism sphere_sweep 2.4.1.10 Sphere Sweep linear_sweep 2.4.1.8 Prism prism 2.4.1.8 Prism List Textures working with 1.3.4.7 Working With List Textures Literals float 2.2.1.3.1 Literals string 2.2.1.7.1 String Literals vector 2.2.1.4.1 Literals ln 2.2.1.3.4 Functions julia 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal julia_fractal 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal load_file 2.3.4.2.15 Save and load radiosity data photons 2.6.3.2.1 Photon Global Settings radiosity 2.3.4.2.15 Save and load radiosity data local 2.2.2.2 The #declare and #local Directives location 2.3.1.1.1 Location and Look_At camera 2.3.1 Camera log 2.2.1.3.4 Functions look_at 2.3.1.1.1 Location and Look_At camera 2.3.1 Camera looks_like light_source 2.4.7 Light Sources 2.4.7.7 Looks_like low_error_factor 2.3.4.2.7 low_error_factor macro 2.2.2.8 User Defined Macros quickref 2.8.4.8 Macro Macros 2.2.2.8 User Defined Macros declaring 2.2.2.8.1 The #macro Directive invoking 2.2.2.8.2 Invoking Macros quickref 2.8.4.8 Macro return values in parameters 2.2.2.8.5 Returning Values Via Parameters returning values from 2.2.2.8.4 Returning a Value Like a Function vs. functions 2.2.1.6.2 Functions and Macros vs. splines 2.2.1.9.1 Splines and Macros magnet 2.5.11.14 Fractal Patterns keyword 2.5.11.14 Fractal Patterns pattern 2.5.11.14 Fractal Patterns Main Window 3.4.1 The Main Window major_radius 2.5.12.6.5 Mapping using warps mandel 2.5.11.14 Fractal Patterns keyword 2.5.11.14 Fractal Patterns pattern 2.5.11.14 Fractal Patterns map_type 2.5.12.7.2 The map_type Option image_pattern 2.5.11.20 Image Pattern marble 2.5.11.22 Marble keyword 2.5.11.22 Marble pattern 2.5.11.22 Marble Mark Shuttleworth 3.5.7.10 Duty Cycle material 2.4.9.3 Material object modifier 2.4.9.3 Material quickref 2.8.9.2 Material material_map 2.5.5.3 Material Maps texture 2.5 Textures tutor 1.3.4.11 When All Else Fails: Material Maps matrix 2.8.5 Transformations Matrix_Trans 2.7.18 transforms.inc max 2.2.1.3.4 Functions max3 2.7.9.1 Float functions and macros max_extent 2.2.1.4.5 Functions max_gradient 2.4.4 Isosurface Object isosurface 2.4.4 Isosurface Object parametric 2.4.5 Parametric Object max_intersections 2.3.3.8 Max_Intersections global_settings 2.3.3 Global Settings 2.3.3.8 Max_Intersections max_iteration 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal julia_fractal 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal max_sample 2.3.4.2.8 max_sample max_trace 2.4.4 Isosurface Object isosurface 2.4.4 Isosurface Object max_trace_level 2.3.3.7 Max_Trace_Level global_settings 2.3.3 Global Settings 2.3.3.7 Max_Trace_Level photons 2.6.3.2.1 Photon Global Settings Mean 2.7.9.1 Float functions and macros media 2.6.2 Media and photons 2.6.3.2.4 Photons and Media atmospheric 2.3.2.1 Atmospheric Media density 2.6.2.3 Density keyword 2.6.2 Media object 2.6.1.8 Object-Media photons 2.6.3.2.1 Photon Global Settings quickref 2.8.11 Media reference 2.6.2 Media tutorial 1.3.6 Simple Media Tutorial types 2.6.2.1 Media Types media_attenuation 2.4.7.11 Atmospheric Attenuation light_source 2.4.7 Light Sources media_interaction 2.4.7.10 Atmospheric Media Interaction light_source 2.4.7 Light Sources 2.4.7.10 Atmospheric Media Interaction Menus 3.5 Menus Context Menus 3.5.10 Context Menus Edit Menu 3.5.2 Edit Menu Editor Menu 3.5.5 Editor Menu File Menu 3.5.1 File Menu GUI Extensions 3.5.9.5 GUI Extensions Menu Insert Menu 3.5.6 Insert Menu Options Menu 3.5.8 Options Menu Render Menu 3.5.7 Render Menu Search Menu 3.5.3 Search Menu Text Menu 3.5.4 Text Menu Tools Menu 3.5.9 Tools Menu Merge 2.4.6.5 Merge CSG 1.2.3.5 CSG Merge keyword 2.4.6.5 Merge tutorial 1.2.3.5 CSG Merge mesh 2.4.2.3 Mesh keyword 2.4.2.3 Mesh tutorial 1.3.2.1 Mesh Object mesh2 2.4.2.4 Mesh2 keyword 2.4.2.4 Mesh2 message streams quickref 2.8.4.7 Message Streams Message Window 3.4.5 The Message Window Context Menu 3.5.10.1 The Message Window Context Menu Message Window Menu 3.5.8.10.9 Message Window Metallic 2.5.3.3.3 Metallic Highlight Modifier finish 2.5.3 Finish highlight 2.5.3.3.3 Metallic Highlight Modifier reflection 2.5.3.4 Specular Reflection using 1.3.4.3.3 Using Reflection, Metallic and Metallic method 2.6.2.2 Sampling Parameters & Methods media 2.6.2 Media metric 2.5.11.9 Crackle Patterns crackle 2.5.11.9 Crackle Patterns min 2.2.1.3.4 Functions min3 2.7.9.1 Float functions and macros min_extent 2.2.1.4.5 Functions minimum_reuse 2.3.4.2.10 minimum_reuse mod 2.2.1.3.4 Functions mortar 2.5.12 Pattern Modifiers brick 2.5.11.5 Brick pattern modifier 2.5.12 Pattern Modifiers Mountains generating with a height field 2.4.1.5 Height Field Moving camera 2.3.1.1 Placing the Camera natural_spline 2.2.1.9 Spline Identifiers nearest_count 2.3.4.2.11 nearest_count Negative Strength blob 1.3.3.1.2 Complex Blob Constructs and Negative Strength New Features component types 1.3.3.1.1 Component Types and Other New Features new versions checking for 3.5.8.8 Check For New Versions no 2.2.1.3.5 Built-in Constants no image 2.4.9.7 No_Image, No_Reflection no reflection 2.4.9.7 No_Image, No_Reflection no_bump_scale 2.5.2.4 Scaling normals normal 2.5.2 Normal no_image 2.4.9.7 No_Image, No_Reflection object modifier 2.4.9.7 No_Image, No_Reflection no_reflection 2.4.9.7 No_Image, No_Reflection object modifier 2.4.9.7 No_Image, No_Reflection no_shadow 2.4.9.6 No_Shadow object modifier 2.4.9.6 No_Shadow noise generator pattern modifier 2.5.12.4 Noise Generators noise_generator 2.5.12 Pattern Modifiers global_settings 2.3.3 Global Settings 2.3.3.10 Noise_generator pattern modifier 2.5.12 Pattern Modifiers normal 2.5.2 Normal keyword 2.5.2 Normal quickref 2.8.10.5 Normal Normal Maps working with 1.3.4.5 Working With Normal Maps Normal Modifiers using 1.3.4.2.1 Using Basic Normal Modifiers normal_indices 2.4.2.4 Mesh2 mesh2 2.4.2.4 Mesh2 normal_map 2.5.2.2 Normal Maps and Normal Lists normal 2.5.2 Normal tutorial 1.3.4.2.2 Blending Normals using 1.3.4.5 Working With Normal Maps normal_vectors 2.4.2.4 Mesh2 mesh2 2.4.2.4 Mesh2 Normals blending 1.3.4.2.2 Blending Normals Normals and Radiosity 1.3.7.4 Normals and Radiosity number_of_waves 2.3.3.9 Number_Of_Waves global_settings 2.3.3 Global Settings 2.3.3.9 Number_Of_Waves Object 2.5.11.23 Object Pattern adding texture to 1.2.1.5 Adding Texture to an Object describing 1.2.1.4 Describing an Object keyword 2.5.11.23 Object Pattern modifiers, quickref 2.8.9 Object Modifiers pattern 2.5.11.23 Object Pattern Object Lights 1.2.4.6.2 Assigning an Object to a Light Source object media 2.6.1.8 Object-Media Object modifiers bounded_by 2.4.9.2 Bounded_By clipped_by 2.4.9.1 Clipped_By double_illuminate 2.4.9.8 Double_Illuminate hollow 2.4.9.5 Hollow inverse 2.4.9.4 Inverse material 2.4.9.3 Material no_image 2.4.9.7 No_Image, No_Reflection no_reflection 2.4.9.7 No_Image, No_Reflection no_shadow 2.4.9.6 No_Shadow quickref 2.8.9 Object Modifiers sturm 2.4.9.9 Sturm objects 2.4 Objects csg, quickref 2.8.8.6 CSG empty and solid 2.6.1.2 Empty and Solid Objects finite patch, quickref 2.8.8.2 Finite Patch Objects finite solid, quickref 2.8.8.1 Finite Solid Objects infinite solid, quickref 2.8.8.3 Infinite Solid Objects isosurface, quickref 2.8.8.4 Isosurface parametric, quickref 2.8.8.5 Parametric quickref 2.8.8 Objects octaves 2.5.12 Pattern Modifiers fog 2.3.2.3 Fog pattern modifier 2.5.12 Pattern Modifiers 2.5.12.6.4 Turbulence Warp tutorial 1.3.4.1.3 Using Pattern Modifiers warp 2.5.12.6 Warps odd 2.7.9.1 Float functions and macros Odd_Field 2.1.2.1.5 Field Rendering off 2.2.1.3.5 Built-in Constants offset 2.5.12.6.2 Repeat Warp crackle 2.5.11.9 Crackle Patterns repeat warp 2.5.12.6.2 Repeat Warp warp 2.5.12.6 Warps Older Files 3.5.1.8 Older Files omega 2.5.12 Pattern Modifiers fog 2.3.2.3 Fog pattern modifier 2.5.12 Pattern Modifiers 2.5.12.6.4 Turbulence Warp tutorial 1.3.4.1.3 Using Pattern Modifiers warp 2.5.12.6 Warps omnimax 2.3.1.2.5 Omnimax projection camera 2.3.1 Camera on 2.2.1.3.5 Built-in Constants On Completion 3.5.7.12 On Completion once 2.5.12.7.1 The once Option image_pattern 2.5.11.20 Image Pattern onion 2.5.11.24 Onion keyword 2.5.11.24 Onion pattern 2.5.11.24 Onion open 2.6.1 Interior cone 2.4.1.3 Cone cylinder 2.4.1.4 Cylinder isosurface 2.4.4 Isosurface Object prism 2.4.1.8 Prism sor 2.4.1.12 Surface of Revolution Operators color 2.2.1.5.4 Color Operators float 2.2.1.3.3 Operators promotion 2.2.1.4.4 Operator Promotion vector 2.2.1.4.3 Operators Options all versions 1.2.8 Setting POV-Ray Options animation 2.1.2.1 Animation Options anti-aliasing 2.1.2.8.4 Anti-Aliasing Options bounding, automatic 2.1.2.8.2 Automatic Bounding Control bounding, manual 2.1.2.8.3 Removing User Bounding command-line 1.2.8.1 Command Line Switches display 2.1.2.3 Display Output Options 2.1.2.3.1 Display Hardware Settings general output 2.1.2.2 General Output Options height and width 2.1.2.2.1 Height and Width of Output help screen 2.1.2.7.5 Help Screen Switches ini file 1.2.8.2 Using INI Files interruption 2.1.2.2.3 Interrupting Options parsing 2.1.2.5 Scene Parsing Options partial output 2.1.2.2.2 Partial Output Options POVINI environment variable 1.2.8.3 Using the POVINI Environment Variable rendering 2.1.2.8 Tracing Options resuming 2.1.2.2.4 Resuming Options setting 1.2.8 Setting POV-Ray Options text output 2.1.2.7 Text Output tracing 2.1.2.8 Tracing Options windows command-line 3.3 Command-Line Options Windows version 3.5.8 Options Menu Options Menu 3.5.8 Options Menu Drag and Drop Destination 3.5.8.6 Drag'N'Drop Destination Message Window 3.5.8.10.9 Message Window Online Operations 3.5.8.7 Online Operations Other Settings 3.5.8.10 Other Settings Render Window 3.5.8.10.15 Render Window Script I/O Restrictions 3.5.8.5 Script I/O Restrictions orient 2.4.7.5 Area Lights light_source 2.4.7 Light Sources orientation 2.5.12.6.5 Mapping using warps warp 2.5.12.6 Warps orthographic 2.3.1.2.2 Orthographic projection camera 2.3.1 Camera Output BMP 2.1.2.4.1 Output File Type PNG 2.1.2.4.1 Output File Type PPM 2.1.2.4.1 Output File Type streams 2.1.2.7.1 Text Streams system-specific 2.1.2.4.1 Output File Type Targa, compressed 2.1.2.4.1 Output File Type Targa, uncompressed 2.1.2.4.1 Output File Type Output File placing in a default directory 2.1.2.4.2 Output File Name Output File Type windows version 3.1.5.1 SYS File Type output formats 2.1.2.4.1 Output File Type Output_Alpha ini-option 2.1.2.4.1 Output File Type Output_File_Name ini-option 2.1.2.4.2 Output File Name Output_File_Type ini-option 2.1.2.4.1 Output File Type Output_to_File 2.1.2.4 File Output Options ini-option 2.1.2.4 File Output Options Palette ini-option 2.1.2.3.1 Display Hardware Settings panoramic 2.3.1.2.6 Panoramic projection camera 2.3.1 Camera parallel 2.4.7.4 Parallel Lights light_source 2.4.7 Light Sources 2.4.7.4 Parallel Lights parametric 2.4.5 Parametric Object keyword 2.4.5 Parametric Object Parse_String 2.7.16 strings.inc pass_through 2.6.3.2.2 Shooting Photons at an Object Path includ files 2.1.2.5.4 Library Paths pattern 2.2.1.6.3 Declaring User-Defined Float Functions agate 2.5.11.1 Agate average 2.5.11.2 Average boxed 2.5.11.3 Boxed bozo 2.5.11.4 Bozo brick 2.5.11.5 Brick bumps 2.5.11.6 Bumps cells 2.5.11.7 Cells checker 2.5.11.8 Checker crackle 2.5.11.9 Crackle Patterns cylindrical 2.5.11.10 Cylindrical density_file 2.5.11.11 Density_File dents 2.5.11.12 Dents facets 2.5.11.13 Facets function 2.5.11.15 Function as pattern function image 2.5.11.16 Function Image gradient 2.5.11.17 Gradient granite 2.5.11.18 Granite hexagon 2.5.11.19 Hexagon image_pattern 2.5.11.20 Image Pattern julia 2.5.11.14 Fractal Patterns leopard 2.5.11.21 Leopard magnet 2.5.11.14 Fractal Patterns mandel 2.5.11.14 Fractal Patterns marble 2.5.11.22 Marble object 2.5.11.23 Object Pattern onion 2.5.11.24 Onion pigment_pattern 2.5.11.25 Pigment Pattern planar 2.5.11.26 Planar quickref 2.8.10.7 Pattern quilted 2.5.11.27 Quilted radial 2.5.11.28 Radial ripples 2.5.11.29 Ripples slope 2.5.11.30 Slope spherical 2.5.11.31 Spherical spiral1 2.5.11.32 Spiral1 spiral2 2.5.11.33 Spiral2 spotted 2.5.11.34 Spotted waves 2.5.11.35 Waves wood 2.5.11.36 Wood wrinkles 2.5.11.37 Wrinkles Pattern modifier warp 2.5.12.6 Warps Pattern Modifiers agate_turb 2.5.12 Pattern Modifiers brick_size 2.5.12 Pattern Modifiers control0 2.5.12 Pattern Modifiers control1 2.5.12 Pattern Modifiers cubic_wave 2.5.12 Pattern Modifiers frequency 2.5.12 Pattern Modifiers interpolate 2.5.12 Pattern Modifiers lambda 2.5.12 Pattern Modifiers mortar 2.5.12 Pattern Modifiers noise_generator 2.5.12 Pattern Modifiers octaves 2.5.12 Pattern Modifiers omega 2.5.12 Pattern Modifiers phase 2.5.12 Pattern Modifiers poly_wave 2.5.12 Pattern Modifiers quickref 2.8.10.8 Pattern Modifiers ramp_wave 2.5.12 Pattern Modifiers scallop_wave 2.5.12 Pattern Modifiers sine_wave 2.5.12 Pattern Modifiers triangle_wave 2.5.12 Pattern Modifiers turbulence 2.5.12 Pattern Modifiers using 1.3.4.1.3 Using Pattern Modifiers warp 2.5.12 Pattern Modifiers patterned texture quickref 2.8.10.3 Patterned Texture Patterns 1.2.5.3 Creating Color Patterns Pause_When_Done ini-option 2.1.2.3.3 Display Related Settings perspective 2.3.1.2.1 Perspective projection camera 2.3.1 Camera Perturbation camera ray 2.3.1.4 Camera Ray Perturbation pgm 2.5.1.5.1 Specifying an Image Map height_field 2.4.1.5 Height Field phase 2.5.12 Pattern Modifiers pattern modifier 2.5.12 Pattern Modifiers 2.5.12.2 Frequency and Phase tutorial 1.3.8.3 The Phase Keyword phong 2.5.3.3.1 Phong Highlights finish 2.5.3 Finish tutorial 1.3.4.3.2 Using Surface Highlights phong_size 2.5.3.3.1 Phong Highlights finish 2.5.3 Finish photon global_settings 2.3.3 Global Settings photons 2.6.3.2.1 Photon Global Settings dispersion 2.6.3.5.3 Photons and Dispersion media 2.6.3.2.1 Photon Global Settings quickref 2.8.13.2 Photons pi 2.2.1.3.5 Built-in Constants pigment 2.5.1 Pigment keyword 2.5.1 Pigment quickref 2.8.10.4 Pigment tutorial 1.3.4.1 Pigments Pigment and Patterns using 1.3.4.1.2 Using Pigment and Patterns Pigment Maps using 1.3.4.1.5 Using Pigment Maps working with 1.3.4.4 Working With Pigment Maps pigment_map 2.5.1.4 Pigment Maps and Pigment Lists average 2.5.11.2 Average pigment 2.5.1 Pigment tutorial 1.3.4.1.5 Using Pigment Maps pigment_pattern 2.5.11.25 Pigment Pattern keyword 2.5.11.25 Pigment Pattern pattern 2.5.11.25 Pigment Pattern Pigments color list 2.5.1.2 Color List Pigments color maps 2.5.1.3 Color Maps pigment list 2.5.1.4 Pigment Maps and Pigment Lists solid color 2.5.1.1 Solid Color Pigments Pitfalls color 2.2.1.5.5 Common Color Pitfalls CSG 1.2.3.6 CSG Pitfalls plain texture quickref 2.8.10.1 Plain Texture planar 2.5.11.26 Planar keyword 2.5.11.26 Planar pattern 2.5.11.26 Planar warp 2.5.12.6 Warps 2.5.12.6.5 Mapping using warps plane 2.4.3.1 Plane keyword 2.4.3.1 Plane tutorial 1.2.2.4 Plane Object png 2.5.1.5.1 Specifying an Image Map height_field 2.4.1.5 Height Field PNG output 2.1.2.4.1 Output File Type point light light_source 2.4.7.1 Point Lights point_at 2.4.7.2 Spotlights light_source 2.4.7 Light Sources parallel 2.4.7.4 Parallel Lights spotlight 2.4.7.2 Spotlights Point_At_Trans 2.7.18 transforms.inc Pointlight Source the 1.2.4.1 The Pointlight Source poly 2.4.3.2 Poly, Cubic and Quartic keyword 2.4.3.2 Poly, Cubic and Quartic tutorial 1.3.3.4 Poly Object poly_wave 2.5.12 Pattern Modifiers pattern modifier 2.5.12 Pattern Modifiers 2.5.12.3 Waveforms polygon 2.4.2.5 Polygon keyword 2.4.2.5 Polygon tutorial 1.3.2.3 Polygon Object Post_Frame_Command ini-option 2.1.2.6 Shell-out to Operating System Post_Frame_Return 2.1.2.6.3 Shell Command Return Actions Post_Scene_Command ini-option 2.1.2.6 Shell-out to Operating System Post_Scene_Return 2.1.2.6.3 Shell Command Return Actions poster 3.5.7.10 Duty Cycle pot 2.4.1.5 Height Field height_field 2.4.1.5 Height Field POV-Ray Legal Document 1.5.1 POV-Ray User License pov-ray license 1.5.1 POV-Ray User License POVINI environment variable 1.2.8.3 Using the POVINI Environment Variable POVLEGAL 1.5.1 POV-Ray User License POVLEGAL.DOC 1.5.1 POV-Ray User License POVRAYOPT environment variable 1.2.8.3 Using the POVINI Environment Variable pow 2.2.1.3.4 Functions ppm 2.5.1.5.1 Specifying an Image Map PPM output 2.1.2.4.1 Output File Type Pre_Frame_Command ini-option 2.1.2.6 Shell-out to Operating System Pre_Frame_Return 2.1.2.6.3 Shell Command Return Actions Pre_Scene_Command ini-option 2.1.2.6 Shell-out to Operating System Pre_Scene_Return 2.1.2.6.3 Shell Command Return Actions precision 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal julia_fractal 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal precompute 2.4.5 Parametric Object parametric 2.4.5 Parametric Object Preset Rendering Options 3.4.2.1 Preset Rendering Options pretrace_end 2.3.4.2.13 Pretrace pretrace_start 2.3.4.2.13 Pretrace Preview_End_Size ini-option 2.1.2.3.4 Mosaic Preview Preview_Start_Size ini-option 2.1.2.3.4 Mosaic Preview Priority Render 3.5.7.9 Render Priority prism 2.4.1.8 Prism keyword 2.4.1.8 Prism tutorial 1.3.1.3 Prism Object prod 2.2.1.6.1 Sum and Product functions projected_through 2.4.7.8 Projected_Through light_source 2.4.7 Light Sources 2.4.7.8 Projected_Through projection cylindrical 2.3.1.2.7 Cylindrical projection fisheye 2.3.1.2.3 Fisheye projection omnimax 2.3.1.2.5 Omnimax projection orthographic 2.3.1.2.2 Orthographic projection panoramic 2.3.1.2.6 Panoramic projection perspective 2.3.1.2.1 Perspective projection spherical 2.3.1.2.8 Spherical projection ultra_wide_angle 2.3.1.2.4 Ultra wide angle projection pwr 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal julia_fractal 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal Quad 2.7.12.1 shapes.inc quadratic_spline 2.4.1.7 Lathe lathe 2.4.1.7 Lathe prism 2.4.1.8 Prism quadric 2.4.3.3 Quadric keyword 2.4.3.3 Quadric Quality ini-option 2.1.2.8.1 Quality Settings quartic 2.4.3.2 Poly, Cubic and Quartic keyword 2.4.3.2 Poly, Cubic and Quartic quaternion 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal julia_fractal 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal Questions and Tips 1.4 Questions and Tips quick_color 2.5.1.6 Quick Color pigment 2.5.1 Pigment quick_colour 2.5.1.6 Quick Color pigment 2.5.1 Pigment quickref 2.8 Quick Reference arrays 2.8.3.6 Arrays atmospheric effects 2.8.12 Atmospheric Effects background 2.8.12.1 Background bitmap 2.8.10.8 Pattern Modifiers blend_map_modifiers 2.8.10.8 Pattern Modifiers brick_item 2.8.10.3 Patterned Texture camera 2.8.6 Camera colors 2.8.3.3 Colors conditional directives 2.8.4.6 Control Flow Directives contents 2.8.1 Quick Reference Contents csg objects 2.8.8.6 CSG default texture 2.8.4.4 Default Texture dot_item 2.8.3.1 Floats embedded directives 2.8.4.9 Embedded Directives file i/o 2.8.4.3 File Input/Output file inclusion 2.8.4.1 File Inclusion finish 2.8.10.6 Finish finite patch objects 2.8.8.2 Finite Patch Objects finite solid objects 2.8.8.1 Finite Solid Objects floats 2.8.3.1 Floats fog 2.8.12.2 Fog function_invocation 2.8.3.4 User defined Functions global settings 2.8.13 Global Settings identifier declaration 2.8.4.2 Identifier Declaration infinite solid objects 2.8.8.3 Infinite Solid Objects interior 2.8.9.3 Interior interior texture 2.8.9.4 Interior Texture isosurface objects 2.8.8.4 Isosurface language basics 2.8.3 Language Basics language directives 2.8.4 Language Directives layered texture 2.8.10.2 Layered Texture lightgroup 2.8.7.1 Lightgroup lights 2.8.7 Lights list_object 2.8.10.3 Patterned Texture logical_expression 2.8.3.1 Floats macros 2.8.4.8 Macro material 2.8.9.2 Material media 2.8.11 Media message streams 2.8.4.7 Message Streams normal 2.8.10.5 Normal object modifiers 2.8.9 Object Modifiers objects 2.8.8 Objects parametric objects 2.8.8.5 Parametric pattern 2.8.10.7 Pattern pattern modifiers 2.8.10.8 Pattern Modifiers patterned texture 2.8.10.3 Patterned Texture photons 2.8.13.2 Photons pigment 2.8.10.4 Pigment plain texture 2.8.10.1 Plain Texture radiosity 2.8.13.1 Radiosity rainbow 2.8.12.4 Rainbow scene 2.8.2 The Scene sky sphere 2.8.12.3 Sky Sphere splines 2.8.3.7 Splines strings 2.8.3.5 Strings texture 2.8.10 Texture transformations 2.8.5 Transformations user-defined functions 2.8.3.4 User defined Functions uv_mapping 2.8.9.1 UV Mapping vectors 2.8.3.2 Vectors version 2.8.4.5 Version Identfier quilted 2.5.11.27 Quilted keyword 2.5.11.27 Quilted pattern 2.5.11.27 Quilted radial 2.5.11.28 Radial keyword 2.5.11.28 Radial pattern 2.5.11.28 Radial radians 2.2.1.3.4 Functions Radiosity 2.3.4 Radiosity adjusting 2.3.4.2 Adjusting Radiosity global_settings 2.3.3 Global Settings how it works 2.3.4.1 How Radiosity Works quickref 2.8.13.1 Radiosity reference 2.3.4 Radiosity tips 2.3.4.3 Tips on Radiosity tutorial 1.3.7 Radiosity with conventional lighting 1.3.7.2 Radiosity with conventional lighting without conventional lighting 1.3.7.3 Radiosity without conventional lighting Radiosity performance considerations 1.3.7.5 Performance considerations radius 2.4.7.2 Spotlights light_source 2.4.7 Light Sources 2.4.7.2 Spotlights photons 2.6.3.2.1 Photon Global Settings Rainbow 2.3.2.5 Rainbow increasing translucency of 1.3.5.4.2 Increasing the Rainbow's Translucency keyword 2.3.2.5 Rainbow quickref 2.8.12.4 Rainbow simple 1.3.5.4.1 Starting With a Simple Rainbow the 1.3.5.4 The Rainbow tutorial 1.3.5.4 The Rainbow using an arc 1.3.5.4.3 Using a Rainbow Arc ramp_wave 2.5.12 Pattern Modifiers pattern modifier 2.5.12 Pattern Modifiers 2.5.12.3 Waveforms rand 2.2.1.3.4 Functions Rand_Array_Item 2.7.1 arrays.inc Rand_Bernoulli 2.7.11.2.3 Discrete Distributions Rand_Beta 2.7.11.2.2 Continuous Skewed Distributions Rand_Binomial 2.7.11.2.3 Discrete Distributions Rand_Cauchy 2.7.11.2.1 Continuous Symmetric Distributions Rand_Chi_Square 2.7.11.2.2 Continuous Skewed Distributions Rand_Erlang 2.7.11.2.2 Continuous Skewed Distributions Rand_Exp 2.7.11.2.2 Continuous Skewed Distributions Rand_F_Dist 2.7.11.2.2 Continuous Skewed Distributions Rand_Gamma 2.7.11.2.2 Continuous Skewed Distributions Rand_Gauss 2.7.11.2.1 Continuous Symmetric Distributions Rand_Geo 2.7.11.2.3 Discrete Distributions Rand_Lognormal 2.7.11.2.2 Continuous Skewed Distributions Rand_Normal 2.7.11.2.1 Continuous Symmetric Distributions Rand_Pareto 2.7.11.2.2 Continuous Skewed Distributions Rand_Poisson 2.7.11.2.3 Discrete Distributions Rand_Spline 2.7.11.2.2 Continuous Skewed Distributions Rand_Student 2.7.11.2.1 Continuous Symmetric Distributions Rand_Tri 2.7.11.2.2 Continuous Skewed Distributions Rand_Weibull 2.7.11.2.2 Continuous Skewed Distributions range 2.2.2.6.3 The #switch, #case, #range and #break Directives ratio 2.6.2.2 Sampling Parameters & Methods media 2.6.2 Media Ray-Tracing what is 1.1.2 What is Ray-Tracing? Re-display Render Window 3.5.8.10.18 Re-display reach for the stars 3.5.7.10 Duty Cycle read 2.2.2.3.3 The #read Directive reciprocal 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal julia_fractal 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal recursion_limit 2.3.4.2.14 recursion_limit red 2.2.1.5.2 Color Keywords redirecting stream output 2.1.2.7.3 Directing Text Streams to Files refelection metallic 2.5.3.4 Specular Reflection reference 1.5.2 Citing POV-Ray in Academic Publications Reflection 2.5.3.4 Specular Reflection exponent 2.5.3.4 Specular Reflection falloff 2.5.3.4 Specular Reflection using 1.3.4.3.3 Using Reflection, Metallic and Metallic reflection_exponent 2.5.3.4 Specular Reflection refraction 2.6.3.2.1 Photon Global Settings reloading changed files 3.5.5.12 Auto-Reload Remove_Bounds ini-option 2.1.2.8.3 Removing User Bounding render 2.2.2.7.1 Text Message Streams Render Menu 3.5.7 Render Menu Animation Pane 3.5.7.8 Animation Pane On Completion 3.5.7.12 On Completion Rerun 3.5.7.13 Rerun render priority 3.5.7.9 Render Priority Render Window 3.4.7 The Render Window Context Menu 3.5.10.4 The Render Window Context Menu Render Window Menu 3.5.8.10.15 Render Window Render_Console ini-option 2.1.2.7.2 Console Text Output Render_File ini-option 2.1.2.7.3 Directing Text Streams to Files rendering speed 3.7 Speed Considerations Reorient_Trans 2.7.18 transforms.inc repeat 2.5.12.6.2 Repeat Warp warp 2.5.12.6 Warps Reporting bugs 3.6 Bug Reports Rerun 3.5.7.13 Rerun Dialog 3.5.7.13.1 Rerun Dialog Rerun Dialog 3.5.7.13.1 Rerun Dialog Rerun Menu 3.5.7.13 Rerun Resize_Array 2.7.1 arrays.inc Resolution 2.1.2.2.1 Height and Width of Output Resolutions Adding New 3.3.2 Adding New Resolutions Selecting for Render 3.4.2.1 Preset Rendering Options Restrictions Input/Output 3.2.7 I/O Restrictions Reverse_Array 2.7.1 arrays.inc rgb 2.2.1.5.1 Color Vectors rgbf 2.2.1.5.1 Color Vectors rgbft 2.2.1.5.1 Color Vectors rgbt 2.2.1.5.1 Color Vectors right 2.3.1.1.5 Up and Right Vectors camera 2.3.1 Camera Right-Handed coordinate system 1.2.1.1 Understanding POV-Ray's Coordinate System ripples 2.5.11.29 Ripples keyword 2.5.11.29 Ripples pattern 2.5.11.29 Ripples rotate 2.8.5 Transformations Rotate_Around_Trans 2.7.18 transforms.inc roughness 2.5.3.3.2 Specular Highlight finish 2.5.3 Finish Round_Box_Union 2.7.12.1 shapes.inc Round_Cone2_Union 2.7.12.1 shapes.inc Round_Cone3_Union 2.7.12.1 shapes.inc Round_Cone_Union 2.7.12.1 shapes.inc Round_Cylinder_Union 2.7.12.1 shapes.inc RRand 2.7.11.1 Flat Distributions Run Benchmark 3.5.7.5 Run Benchmark running standard benchmark 3.5.7.5 Run Benchmark standard demonstration 3.5.7.4 Run Demo samples 2.6.2.2 Sampling Parameters & Methods media 2.6.2 Media Sampling_Method ini-option 2.1.2.8.4 Anti-Aliasing Options save_file 2.3.4.2.15 Save and load radiosity data photons 2.6.3.2.1 Photon Global Settings radiosity 2.3.4.2.15 Save and load radiosity data scale 2.8.5 Transformations scallop_wave 2.5.12 Pattern Modifiers pattern modifier 2.5.12 Pattern Modifiers 2.5.12.3 Waveforms scattering 2.6.2.1.3 Scattering media 2.6.2 Media scene description language 2.2 Scene Description Language quickref 2.8.2 The Scene Scene Description Language 2.2 Scene Description Language Search Menu 3.5.3 Search Menu Search Path 2.1.2.5.4 Library Paths Security File I/O 3.2.7 I/O Restrictions seed 2.2.1.3.4 Functions select 2.2.1.3.4 Functions Selection Menu 3.5.2.10 Selection SetGradientAccuracy 2.7.9.3 Vector Analysis Settings global 2.3.3 Global Settings sgn 2.7.9.1 Float functions and macros shadowless 2.4.7.6 Shadowless Lights light_source 2.4.7 Light Sources 2.4.7.6 Shadowless Lights Shadowless Lights using 1.2.4.6.1 Using Shadowless Lights Shapes basic 1.2.2 Basic Shapes other 1.3.3 Other Shapes polygon based 1.3.2 Polygon Based Shapes spline based 1.3.1 Spline Based Shapes Shear_Trans 2.7.18 transforms.inc Shuttleworth Mark 3.5.7.10 Duty Cycle sin 2.2.1.3.4 Functions julia 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal julia_fractal 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal sind 2.7.9.1 Float functions and macros sine_wave 2.5.12 Pattern Modifiers pattern modifier 2.5.12 Pattern Modifiers 2.5.12.3 Waveforms sinh 2.2.1.3.4 Functions julia 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal julia_fractal 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal size 2.5.11.13 Facets facets 2.5.11.13 Facets Sky 2.3.1.1.2 The Sky Vector camera 2.3.1 Camera with a color gradient 1.3.5.2.1 Creating a Sky with a Color Gradient Sky Sphere quickref 2.8.12.3 Sky Sphere the 1.3.5.2 The Sky Sphere sky_sphere 2.3.2.4 Sky Sphere keyword 2.3.2.4 Sky Sphere tutorial 1.3.5.2 The Sky Sphere slice 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal slope 2.5.11.30 Slope keyword 2.5.11.30 Slope pattern 2.5.11.30 Slope slope_map 2.5.2.1 Slope Maps normal 2.5.2 Normal smooth 2.4.1.5 Height Field height_field 2.4.1.5 Height Field smooth_triangle 2.4.2.6 Triangle and Smooth Triangle keyword 2.4.2.6 Triangle and Smooth Triangle mesh 2.4.2.3 Mesh solid 2.5.11.9 Crackle Patterns crackle 2.5.11.9 Crackle Patterns solid triangle mesh 2.4.2.3.1 Solid Mesh sor 2.4.1.12 Surface of Revolution keyword 2.4.1.12 Surface of Revolution tutorial 1.3.1.2 Surface of Revolution Object Sort_Array 2.7.1 arrays.inc Sort_Compare 2.7.1 arrays.inc Sort_Partial_Array 2.7.1 arrays.inc Sort_Swap_Data 2.7.1 arrays.inc sound render finished 3.5.7.12 On Completion Sounds 3.5.7.11 Sound Settings spacing 2.6.3.2.1 Photon Global Settings spacing_multiplier 2.6.3.2.2 Shooting Photons at an Object Special Textures limitations of 1.3.4.12 Limitations Of Special Textures specular 2.5.3.3.2 Specular Highlight finish 2.5.3 Finish speed 3.7 Speed Considerations sphere 2.4.1.9 Sphere blob 2.4.1.1 Blob blob component 2.4.1.1 Blob keyword 2.4.1.9 Sphere sphere_sweep 2.4.1.10 Sphere Sweep keyword 2.4.1.10 Sphere Sweep tutorial 1.3.1.4 Sphere Sweep Object spherical 2.5.11.31 Spherical camera 2.3.1 Camera keyword 2.5.11.31 Spherical pattern 2.5.11.31 Spherical projection 2.3.1.2.8 Spherical projection warp 2.5.12.6 Warps 2.5.12.6.5 Mapping using warps Spheroid 2.7.12.1 shapes.inc spiral 2.5.11.32 Spiral1 spiral1 2.5.11.32 Spiral1 keyword 2.5.11.32 Spiral1 pattern 2.5.11.32 Spiral1 spiral2 2.5.11.33 Spiral2 keyword 2.5.11.33 Spiral2 pattern 2.5.11.33 Spiral2 Spline 2.2.1.9 Spline Identifiers new tricks 1.3.1.3.1 Teaching An Old Spline New Tricks quickref 2.8.3.7 Splines spline_trans 2.7.18 transforms.inc Splines quickref 2.8.3.7 Splines understanding the concept of 1.3.1.1.1 Understanding The Concept of Splines vs. macros 2.2.1.9.1 Splines and Macros split_union union 2.4.6.2.1 Split_Union Split_Unions ini-option 2.1.2.8.3 Removing User Bounding spotlight light_source 2.4.7 Light Sources 2.4.7.2 Spotlights Spotlight Source the 1.2.4.2 The Spotlight Source spotted 2.5.11.34 Spotted keyword 2.5.11.34 Spotted pattern 2.5.11.34 Spotted sqr 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal julia_fractal 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal sqrt 2.2.1.3.4 Functions SRand 2.7.11.1 Flat Distributions standard benchmark running 3.5.7.5 Run Benchmark standard demonstration running 3.5.7.4 Run Demo Standard Include Files adding 1.2.1.2 Adding Standard Include Files Star_Ptrn 2.7.17.7 Texture and pattern macros Start Rendering 3.5.7.3 Start Rendering (Go!)/Stop Rendering Start_Column ini-option 2.1.2.2.2 Partial Output Options Start_Row ini-option 2.1.2.2.2 Partial Output Options Statistic_Console ini-option 2.1.2.7.2 Console Text Output Statistic_File ini-option 2.1.2.7.3 Directing Text Streams to Files statistics 2.2.2.7.1 Text Message Streams Std_Dev 2.7.9.1 Float functions and macros str 2.2.1.7.3 String Functions strings.inc 2.7.16 strings.inc strcmp 2.2.1.3.4 Functions streams 2.1.2.7.1 Text Streams redirecting 2.1.2.7.3 Directing Text Streams to Files strength 2.4.1.1 Blob black_hole warp 2.5.12.6.1 Black Hole Warp blob 2.4.1.1 Blob warp 2.5.12.6 Warps String functions 2.2.1.7.3 String Functions identifiers 2.2.1.7.2 String Identifiers literals 2.2.1.7.1 String Literals quickref 2.8.3.5 Strings String Literals 2.2.1.7.1 String Literals Strings 2.2.1.7 Strings quickref 2.8.3.5 Strings strlen 2.2.1.3.4 Functions strlwr 2.2.1.7.3 String Functions strupr 2.2.1.7.3 String Functions sturm 2.4.9.9 Sturm blob 2.4.1.1 Blob lathe 2.4.1.7 Lathe object modifier 2.4.9.9 Sturm poly 2.4.3.2 Poly, Cubic and Quartic prism 2.4.1.8 Prism sor 2.4.1.12 Surface of Revolution torus 2.4.1.14 Torus Subset_End_Frame 2.1.2.1.3 Subsets of Animation Frames ini-option 2.1.2.1.3 Subsets of Animation Frames Subset_Start_Frame 2.1.2.1.3 Subsets of Animation Frames ini-option 2.1.2.1.3 Subsets of Animation Frames substr 2.2.1.7.3 String Functions sum 2.2.1.6.1 Sum and Product functions sunpos 2.7.20.6 sunpos.inc Supercone 2.7.12.1 shapes.inc superellipsoid 2.4.1.11 Superquadric Ellipsoid keyword 2.4.1.11 Superquadric Ellipsoid tutorial 1.3.3.5 Superquadric Ellipsoid Object superquadric 2.4.1.11 Superquadric Ellipsoid Supertorus 2.7.12.1 shapes.inc Surface Highlights using 1.3.4.3.2 Using Surface Highlights Surfaces co-incident 1.2.3.6.1 Co-incident Surfaces switch 2.2.2.6.3 The #switch, #case, #range and #break Directives Switches command-line 1.2.8.1 Command Line Switches syntax highlighting setting language 3.5.5.15.2 Language/Tabs sys 2.3.3.6 Charset file type 3.1.5.1 SYS File Type global_settings 2.3.3 Global Settings height_field 2.4.1.5 Height Field image_map 2.5.1.5.1 Specifying an Image Map SYS file type 3.1.5.1 SYS File Type System requirements 3.1.4 System Requirements System-specific features 3.1.5 System Specific Features System-specific output 2.1.2.4.1 Output File Type t 2.2.1.4.3 Operators tan 2.2.1.3.4 Functions julia 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal julia_fractal 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal tand 2.7.9.1 Float functions and macros tanh 2.2.1.3.4 Functions julia 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal julia_fractal 2.4.1.6 Julia Fractal Tapering Conic Sweeps 1.3.1.3.4 Conic Sweeps And The Tapering Effect Targa output compressed 2.1.2.4.1 Output File Type uncompressed 2.1.2.4.1 Output File Type target 2.6.3.2.2 Shooting Photons at an Object Test_Abort ini-option 2.1.2.2.3 Interrupting Options Test_Abort_Count ini-option 2.1.2.2.3 Interrupting Options text 2.4.1.13 Text keyword 2.4.1.13 Text tutorial 1.3.1.6 Text Object Text Menu 3.5.4 Text Menu Bookmarks 3.5.4.5 Bookmarks Indent 3.5.4.4 Indent text streams 2.1.2.7.1 Text Streams Text_Space 2.7.12.1 shapes.inc Text_Width 2.7.12.1 shapes.inc texture 2.5 Textures keyword 2.5 Textures layered, quickref 2.8.10.2 Layered Texture patterned, quickref 2.8.10.3 Patterned Texture plain, quickref 2.8.10.1 Plain Texture quickref 2.8.10 Texture Texture Maps working with 1.3.4.6 Working With Texture Maps Texture Options advanced 1.3.4 Advanced Texture Options simple 1.2.5 Simple Texture Options texture-list 2.4.2.4 Mesh2 texture_list 2.5.8 Triangle Texture Interpolation keyword 2.5.8 Triangle Texture Interpolation mesh 2.4.2.3 Mesh mesh2 2.4.2.4 Mesh2 texture_map 2.5.5.1 Texture Maps texture 2.5 Textures tutorial 1.3.4.6 Working With Texture Maps Textures default 2.2.2.4 The #default Directive pre-defined 1.2.5.4 Pre-defined Textures tga 2.5.1.5.1 Specifying an Image Map height_field 2.4.1.5 Height Field The Left-Handed coordinate system 1.2.1.1 Understanding POV-Ray's Coordinate System The scene quickref 2.8.2 The Scene thickness 2.5.3.6 Iridescence finish 2.5.3 Finish Thin-Film Interference 1.3.4.3.4 Using Iridescence threshold 2.4.1.1 Blob blob 2.4.1.1 Blob isosurface 2.4.4 Isosurface Object tiff 2.5.1.5.1 Specifying an Image Map height_field 2.4.1.5 Height Field tightness 2.4.7.2 Spotlights light_source 2.4.7 Light Sources tile2 2.5.5.2 Tiles Tiles 2.5.5.2 Tiles what about 1.3.4.8 What About Tiles? Tiles_Ptrn 2.7.17.7 Texture and pattern macros tolerance 2.4.1.10 Sphere Sweep sphere_sweep 2.4.1.10 Sphere Sweep toolbar 3.4.2 The Toolbar Toolbar Command Line 3.4.2.2 Toolbar Command Line Tools Menu 3.5.9 Tools Menu toroidal 2.5.12.6.5 Mapping using warps warp 2.5.12.6 Warps 2.5.12.6.5 Mapping using warps torus 2.4.1.14 Torus keyword 2.4.1.14 Torus tutorial 1.2.2.5 Torus Object trace 2.2.1.4.5 Functions Trademarks 3.1.8 Trademarks transform 2.8.5 Transformations transformations quickref 2.8.5 Transformations translate 2.8.5 Transformations transmit 2.2.1.5 Specifying Colors bitmap modifier 2.5.1.5.2 The Filter and Transmit Bitmap Modifiers Transparent Pigments using 1.3.4.1.4 Using Transparent Pigments and Layered Textures triangle 2.4.2.6 Triangle and Smooth Triangle keyword 2.4.2.6 Triangle and Smooth Triangle mesh 2.4.2.3 Mesh Triangle_Str 2.7.16 strings.inc triangle_wave 2.5.12 Pattern Modifiers pattern modifier 2.5.12 Pattern Modifiers true 2.2.1.3.5 Built-in Constants ttf 2.4.1.13 Text text 2.4.1.13 Text turb_depth 2.3.2.3 Fog fog 2.3.2.3 Fog turbulence 2.5.12 Pattern Modifiers finish 2.5.3 Finish fog 2.3.2.3 Fog irid 2.5.3.6 Iridescence pattern modifier 2.5.12 Pattern Modifiers tutorial 1.3.4.1.3 Using Pattern Modifiers warp 2.5.12.6 Warps 2.5.12.6.3 Turbulence versus Turbulence Warp type 2.4.2.1 Bicubic Patch bicubic_patch 2.4.2.1 Bicubic Patch u 2.2.1.4.3 Operators u_steps 2.4.2.1 Bicubic Patch bicubic_patch 2.4.2.1 Bicubic Patch ultra_wide_angle 2.3.1.2.4 Ultra wide angle projection camera 2.3.1 Camera undef 2.2.2.2.4 Destroying Identifiers with #undef Union 2.4.6.2 Union CSG 1.2.3.2 CSG Union keyword 2.4.6.2 Union tutorial 1.2.3.2 CSG Union up 2.3.1.1.5 Up and Right Vectors camera 2.3.1 Camera fog 2.3.2.3 Fog rainbow 2.3.2.5 Rainbow updating POV-Ray 3.5.8.8 Check For New Versions use_alpha 2.5.11.20 Image Pattern image_pattern 2.5.11.20 Image Pattern use_color 2.5.2.3.3 Use_Index and Use_Color use_colour 2.5.2.3.3 Use_Index and Use_Color use_index 2.5.2.3.3 Use_Index and Use_Color user license 1.5.1 POV-Ray User License user-defined functions quickref 2.8.3.4 User defined Functions User_Abort_Command ini-option 2.1.2.6 Shell-out to Operating System User_Abort_Return 2.1.2.6.3 Shell Command Return Actions Using POV-Ray for Unix 5.1 Introduction Using POV-Ray for Windows 3.1 Introduction utf8 2.3.3.6 Charset global_settings 2.3.3 Global Settings uv_indices 2.4.2.4 Mesh2 mesh2 2.4.2.4 Mesh2 uv_mapping 2.5.7 UV Mapping quickref 2.8.9.1 UV Mapping uv_vectors 2.4.2.4 Mesh2 mesh 2.4.2.3 Mesh mesh2 2.4.2.4 Mesh2 v 2.2.1.4.3 Operators v_steps 2.4.2.1 Bicubic Patch bicubic_patch 2.4.2.1 Bicubic Patch val 2.2.1.3.4 Functions VAngle 2.7.9.2 Vector functions and macros variable ior 1.4.3.4 Can I specify variable IOR for an object? variable reflection 2.5.3.4 Specular Reflection variance 2.3.1.3 Focal Blur camera 2.3.1 Camera focal blur 2.3.1.3 Focal Blur media 2.6.2 Media 2.6.2.2 Sampling Parameters & Methods vaxis_rotate 2.2.1.4.5 Functions VCos_Angle 2.7.9.2 Vector functions and macros vcross 2.2.1.4.5 Functions vCurl 2.7.9.3 Vector Analysis VDist 2.7.9.2 Vector functions and macros vdot 2.2.1.3.4 Functions VDot5D 2.7.9.2 Vector functions and macros Vector 2.2.1.4 Vector Expressions built-in identifiers 2.2.1.4.6 Built-in Constants color 2.2.1.5.1 Color Vectors expressions 2.2.1.4 Vector Expressions functions 2.2.1.4.5 Functions functions, user-defined 2.2.1.6.4 Declaring User-Defined Vector Functions identifiers 2.2.1.4.2 Identifiers literals 2.2.1.4.1 Literals operators 2.2.1.4.3 Operators Vectors direction 2.3.1.1.4 The Direction Vector sky 2.3.1.1.2 The Sky Vector VEq 2.7.9.2 Vector functions and macros VEq5D 2.7.9.2 Vector functions and macros Verbose ini-option 2.1.2.3.3 Display Related Settings Version 2.2.2.5 The #version Directive ini-option 2.1.2.5.5 Language Version quickref 2.8.4.5 Version Identfier version identfier quickref 2.8.4.5 Version Identfier vertex_vectors 2.4.2.4 Mesh2 mesh2 2.4.2.4 Mesh2 VFAQ 1.4 Questions and Tips vGradient 2.7.9.3 Vector Analysis Video_Mode ini-option 2.1.2.3.1 Display Hardware Settings Vista_Buffer ini-option 2.1.2.8.2 Automatic Bounding Control vlength 2.2.1.3.4 Functions VLength5D 2.7.9.2 Vector functions and macros VMin 2.7.9.2 Vector functions and macros vnormalize 2.2.1.4.5 Functions VNormalize5D 2.7.9.2 Vector functions and macros VPerp_Adjust 2.7.9.2 Vector functions and macros VPerp_To_Plane 2.7.9.2 Vector functions and macros VPerp_To_Vector 2.7.9.2 Vector functions and macros VPow 2.7.9.2 Vector functions and macros VPow5D 2.7.9.2 Vector functions and macros VProject_Axis 2.7.9.2 Vector functions and macros VProject_Plane 2.7.9.2 Vector functions and macros VRand 2.7.11.1 Flat Distributions VRand_In_Box 2.7.11.1 Flat Distributions VRand_In_Obj 2.7.11.1 Flat Distributions VRand_In_Sphere 2.7.11.1 Flat Distributions VRand_On_Sphere 2.7.11.1 Flat Distributions vrotate 2.2.1.4.5 Functions VRotation 2.7.9.2 Vector functions and macros VSqr 2.7.9.2 Vector functions and macros vstr 2.2.1.7.3 String Functions strings.inc 2.7.16 strings.inc VStr2D long form 2.7.16 strings.inc short form 2.7.16 strings.inc vtransform 2.7.18 transforms.inc vturbulence 2.2.1.4.5 Functions VWith_Len 2.7.9.2 Vector functions and macros VZero 2.7.9.2 Vector functions and macros VZero5D 2.7.9.2 Vector functions and macros warning 2.2.2.7.1 Text Message Streams debug.inc 2.7.5 debug.inc Warning_Console ini-option 2.1.2.7.2 Console Text Output Warning_File ini-option 2.1.2.7.3 Directing Text Streams to Files Warning_Level ini-option 2.1.2.7.4 Warning Level warp 2.5.12 Pattern Modifiers cylindrical 2.5.12.6.5 Mapping using warps falloff 2.5.12.6.1 Black Hole Warp keyword 2.5.12.6 Warps pattern modifier 2.5.12.6 Warps 2.5.12 Pattern Modifiers planar 2.5.12.6.5 Mapping using warps spherical 2.5.12.6.5 Mapping using warps toroidal 2.5.12.6.5 Mapping using warps water_level 2.4.1.5 Height Field height_field 2.4.1.5 Height Field WAV files 3.5.7.11 Sound Settings waves 2.5.11.35 Waves keyword 2.5.11.35 Waves pattern 2.5.11.35 Waves Wedge 2.7.12.1 shapes.inc while 2.2.2.6.4 The #while...#end Directive Width 2.3.2.5 Rainbow ini-option 2.1.2.2.1 Height and Width of Output rainbow 2.3.2.5 Rainbow Wire_Box_Union 2.7.12.1 shapes.inc wood 2.5.11.36 Wood keyword 2.5.11.36 Wood pattern 2.5.11.36 Wood wrinkles 2.5.11.37 Wrinkles keyword 2.5.11.37 Wrinkles pattern 2.5.11.37 Wrinkles write 2.2.2.3.4 The #write Directive x 2.2.1.4.3 Operators y 2.2.1.4.3 Operators yes 2.2.1.3.5 Built-in Constants z 2.2.1.4.3 Operators